【正文】 se take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).帶上雨傘，以防 下雨。原句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)，用 It is…that/who….。 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式時(shí)不要用 when, where 或 how, 必須用 that。[例句 4] I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour. →It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由 because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句， because 不能換成 since, as, for, now that 等) [注意 2]強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問結(jié)構(gòu) 一般疑問句 Is / Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +who / that …? 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+is /was +it +who / that…? What is/was it that…? Who is/was it that…? When is/was it that…? Where is/was it that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it that…? [例句 1] I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. →When was it that you saw him in the street? →Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?→Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon? [例句 2] I don’t know when he will e back. →I don’t know when it is that he will e back.(賓語從句疑問詞后用陳述句語 序) How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和 Smith 先生聯(lián)系上 的? Trough a friend of mine. 通過一個(gè)朋友。Think it over and you will find the answer. Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸進(jìn)尺。句型 13 …until….“直到……時(shí)候“。The meeting was put off until ten o’clock. 會(huì)議推遲到十點(diǎn)鐘。He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. →It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing puter games. Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed. 句型 14 unless…“除非，如果不……“(=if…not) [例句] I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。I won’t go unless he es to invite me himself. 除非他本人來邀請我，不然我是不會(huì)去的。句型 15 when 引導(dǎo)的從句 when 除了用來引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、時(shí)間狀語從句、表語從句和定語從句，還有 一種用法值得關(guān)注，那就是 when 引導(dǎo)并列分句，意思是“這 時(shí)突然。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主語 + be doing… when…意思是“正在做某 事這時(shí)……“。(3)、主語+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是“正要去做某事這時(shí)……“ [例句] One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck 正在太平洋上飛行，這時(shí)他的飛機(jī)突然爆炸了。I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京時(shí)的那段快 樂日子。I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正 在河邊行走，這時(shí)我突然聽到一個(gè)落水男孩求救。I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我剛做完作業(yè)，下課鈴響了。I believe the time will soon e when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒有武器的日子不久就會(huì)來臨。I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 我在街上走。句型 16 while 引導(dǎo)的從句 while 除了有“當(dāng)/在……時(shí)候“的意思外(注意：引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng) 詞!)，另外的兩層意思也是考查的重點(diǎn)： (1)while = although “盡管“、“雖然“，引導(dǎo)讓 步狀語從句?？墒恰?，常用來表達(dá)對比關(guān)系。While I admit his good points, I can see his shortings. 雖然我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，我也能看出他的缺點(diǎn)。While I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 雖然我了解你的見 解， 我還是不能同意(你)。句型 17 where…(地點(diǎn)從句) [注意]where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)從句時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句或是邏輯地點(diǎn)狀語從句。但是它引導(dǎo)邏輯地點(diǎn)狀語從句時(shí)，沒有這樣用法。Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure. 不屈不撓者從他人失敗的地方獲取成功。Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人類貪欲不止，世界和平無望。That is the building where my father works. 那是我父親工作的大樓。That’s where a change is needed. 那就是需要變更的地方。You should let your children play where you can see them. 你應(yīng)該讓小孩在你的 視線所及的地方玩耍。[請比較下面的句子結(jié)構(gòu)的不同] Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句 where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn) 狀語從句) 句型 18 what 引導(dǎo)的從句what 在英語中非?；钴S,它可以用來引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句，但是不用來 引導(dǎo)定語從句。[例句] What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少? What did you pay for this picture? 這幅畫你付了多少錢? What is most important in life isn’t money. 人生最重要的并非是金錢。句型 19 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 在 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中，連接代詞 as 在句子中可以作主語、賓語或表語等， 可以指人或物。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：as we all know。 as is often the case。 as has been said before。 as is evident。 as can be seen。 as we expect。[注意 1]as 通常只指整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，不表示部分內(nèi)容。[注意 3]as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)，常構(gòu)成 the same…as…。 so/as … as…等結(jié)構(gòu)。[例句] This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告訴過你，這也是你 工作的一部分。Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那樣偶然想起的主意是無用的。He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要盡可能找漂亮的女孩結(jié)婚。句型 20 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句(也引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句) which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以指整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容，也可以指句子的部分內(nèi)容(如 單詞或詞組等)，在句子中可以作主語、賓語(動(dòng)詞或介詞 的)、定語等。表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是“不好的“、“事先沒有預(yù)料到的“ 等時(shí)，常用 which，只指物。The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 這時(shí)鐘是我祖 父買的，現(xiàn)在還走時(shí)很準(zhǔn)。She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改變了主意，這使我 們大家都生氣了。The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天氣結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)晴，這是我們沒有預(yù)料到的。[例句] Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope. 無論發(fā)生什么事，我們都不能失去希望。Whoever (=No matter who) es, he will be warmly wele. 無論誰來，都會(huì)受 到熱烈歡迎。Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 無論什么時(shí) 候你去找她，你都會(huì)看到她坐在窗邊。However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can’t find the answer. (2)、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever 等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，這時(shí)不能用 no matter+疑問詞替換。We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我們要盡力幫助他擺脫困境。Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 無論誰做這件事都要得到報(bào)酬。You may invite whomever(口語中常用 whoever 代替)you like to the party. 你可以 邀請你喜歡的人來參加晚會(huì)。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 句型 22 全倒裝句型(一) here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away 等副詞放在句首，句子需要全部 倒裝 [例句] There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了! Here es the bus. =The bus is ing. 汽車來了。Away went the thief when he saw the police. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我們期盼的時(shí)候到了。(2)主語是人稱代詞時(shí)不要倒裝。句型 23 全倒裝句型(二) 表示方位的狀語放在句首， 句子全倒裝。[例句] On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他們面前的山上矗立著一座 巨大的城堡。Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角處有個(gè)年輕的警察在行走。句型 24 全倒裝句型(三) (表語)adj. / ving / ved +(地點(diǎn)狀語)+ be(或其他動(dòng)詞形式)… So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so 引導(dǎo)的句子倒裝，而 that 引導(dǎo)的句子不 倒裝!) (這種結(jié)構(gòu)是半倒裝句。Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗桿上有一面國旗。Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是幾位老教師，他們在認(rèn)真地聽新教師 的課。Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of edians entertains the audience with word play. 相聲是中國典型的喜劇，兩個(gè)演員通過玩弄詞藻來逗樂觀 眾。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光運(yùn)行非常快， 我們幾乎無法想象它的速度。這樣的副詞主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at