【正文】 這一次，她會(huì)感到滿意。我要求你們諒解我，因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)理由。在科學(xué)中，第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)者是重要的，但是在得到公認(rèn)前，最后一個(gè)將這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)重復(fù)做出來(lái)的人也許更重要。quot。quot。quot。quot。哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)生、詩(shī)人愛(ài)默生曾經(jīng)寫下：amp。古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。quot。quot。amp。那么為什么畢業(yè)典禮的演說(shuō)者，就不適用同樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)呢?
　　I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would haverejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to amp。Dean Jean,amp。 the former dean ofadmissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the wordamp。rejected.amp。 She never rejected applicants。quot。quot。quot。quot。我的妻子Jean當(dāng)過(guò)斯坦福大學(xué)的招生主任，她向我保證，如果當(dāng)年我申請(qǐng)斯坦福大學(xué)，她會(huì)拒絕我。quot。quot。在拒絕信中，她總是寫：amp。我們無(wú)法提供你入學(xué)機(jī)會(huì)。quot。在我看來(lái)，那些大熱門學(xué)校的招生主任與其稱為amp。準(zhǔn)許你入學(xué)的主任amp。還不如稱為amp。拒絕你入學(xué)的主任amp。很顯然，我需要好好學(xué)學(xué)怎么來(lái)推銷自己。quot。quot。39。39。quot。quot。剛才是第一樂(lè)章輕快的閑談。這樣的忠告很少被重視，幾乎注定被忘記，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被實(shí)踐。quot。amp。所以，下面就是我的忠告。要感謝你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感謝那些啟發(fā)過(guò)你的教授，尤其要感謝那些上不好課的教授，因?yàn)樗麄兤仁鼓阕詫W(xué)。你還要去擁抱你的同學(xué)，感謝他們同你進(jìn)行過(guò)的許多次徹夜長(zhǎng)談，這為你的教育帶來(lái)了無(wú)法衡量的價(jià)值。不過(guò)即使你忘了這一點(diǎn)，校友會(huì)也會(huì)來(lái)提醒你。在任何談判中，都把最后一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)利益留給對(duì)方。在合作中，要牢記榮譽(yù)不是一個(gè)守恒的量。
　　Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie amp。Harveyamp。 got it exactly right. He said: amp。Yearsago my mother used to say to me, amp。In this world, Elwood, you must be ... she always used tocall me Elwood ... in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.amp。amp。 Well, foryears I was smart. ... I remend pleasant. You may quote me on that.
　　電影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P. Dowd，就完全理解這一點(diǎn)。quot。39。amp。amp。我做聰明人，已經(jīng)做了好多年了。你們可以引用我這句話。39。39。如果你沒(méi)有愛(ài)好，就去找，找不到就不罷休。我在你們這個(gè)年齡，是超級(jí)的一根筋，我的目標(biāo)就是非成為物理學(xué)家不可。在這些年中，我關(guān)注的中心和職業(yè)上的全部樂(lè)趣，都來(lái)自物理學(xué)。39。當(dāng)你白發(fā)蒼蒼、垂垂老矣、回首人生時(shí)，你需要為自己做過(guò)的事感到自豪。只有那些你出手相助、被你改變過(guò)的人和事，才會(huì)讓你產(chǎn)生自豪。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。我對(duì)貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的看法，就像別人形容電影Mary Poppins的話，amp。實(shí)際上完美無(wú)缺amp。但是，我想為世界留下更多的東西，不只是科學(xué)論文。
　　Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went fromBerkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best:
　　我在斯坦福大學(xué)有一個(gè)好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他對(duì)我們的動(dòng)機(jī)做出了最佳描述：
　　amp。The best part of working at a university is the students. They e in fresh, enthusiastic,open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life. They donamp。t realize it, but theyamp。re the recipients ofthe best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, thatamp。s the time. They ein believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks andprofessors donamp。t know everything, and then they start to think on their own. Then, I beginlearning from them.amp。
　　amp。在大學(xué)工作，最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是學(xué)生。雖然他們自己沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，但是他們是這個(gè)社會(huì)中你能找到的最佳受眾。進(jìn)校時(shí)，學(xué)生們對(duì)課本上的一字一句毫不懷疑，漸漸地，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)課本和教授并不是無(wú)所不知的，于是他們開(kāi)始獨(dú)立思考。amp。
　　My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs,Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary. Over 30 former group members are nowprofessors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I havelearned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members ofmy biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.
　　我教過(guò)的學(xué)生、帶過(guò)的博士后、合作過(guò)的年輕同事，都非常優(yōu)秀。他們所在的研究機(jī)構(gòu)有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大學(xué)。即使現(xiàn)在，我偶爾還會(huì)周末上網(wǎng)，向現(xiàn)在還從事生物物理學(xué)研究的學(xué)生請(qǐng)教。 I received more than I gave. This brings me tothe final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientificdiscovery and a new dilemma that it poses. Itamp。s a call to arms and about making a difference.
　　我懷著回報(bào)社會(huì)的想法，開(kāi)始了教學(xué)生涯。這就引出了這次演講的最后一個(gè)樂(lè)章。它是一個(gè)戰(zhàn)斗的號(hào)令，到了做出改變的時(shí)候了。39。氣候變化并不是現(xiàn)在才有的，過(guò)去60萬(wàn)年中就發(fā)生了6次冰河期。北極冰蓋在9月份的大小，只相當(dāng)于50年前的一半。一個(gè)重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)就這樣產(chǎn)生了。這些變化的原因是，從工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始，人類排放到大氣中的二氧化碳增加 了。因?yàn)樵跉鉁剡_(dá)到均衡前，海水溫度的上升將持續(xù)幾十年。39。這聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像不多，但是讓我來(lái)提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的氣溫也僅僅只下降了6度。氣溫上升5度的地球，將是一個(gè)非常不同的地球。比如，有人告訴我，在更溫暖的環(huán)境中，昆蟲(chóng)的個(gè)頭將變大。
　　We also face the specter of nonlinear amp。tipping pointsamp。 that may cause much more severechanges. An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost. The permafrostcontains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating formillennia. If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot. Thedifference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are allfamiliar with. Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed,it spoils quickly. How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rottingpermafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all