【正文】 ties or regional missions of UN discuss relevant topics and resolutions according to the given functions, powers, and rules of procedure of the mittees.“委員會(huì)”是一個(gè)協(xié)商會(huì)議，一個(gè)由代表組成,按議事程序討論議題并做出決策的有序組織。磋商分為兩種類型：有主持核心磋商和自由磋商。Bloc Leader 集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者A bloc leader is the delegate who plays the leading role in a 。Bloc 國家集團(tuán)A bloc is a group of countries within a same geographical region or holding similar country positions on a particular determining factor in forming a bloc is sharing the mon national 。Binding 約束力Binding is the legal force to impose UN resolutions on the Member of Security Council and the Internaitonal Court of Justice are made by the General Assembly and Economic and Social Council are 。修正案分為兩種：友好修正案與非友好修正案。Agenda 議程Agenda is the order of topics to be discussed in a conference, usually being set after the roll ，委員會(huì)所設(shè)定的議題討論順序。第一篇：模聯(lián)詞匯Abstain 棄權(quán)During a vote on a substantive matter, a delegate may abstain rather than vote yes or means that the delegate neither supports nor opposes the resolution on the ，代表除了可以選擇“是”或者“否”，還可以選擇“棄權(quán)”。這意味著此代表既不支持也不反對正在進(jìn)行投票表決的決議。Amendment 修正案Amendment is a form of document to amend a draft two types of amendments are friendly amendment and unfriendly 。Background Guide 背景指導(dǎo)A background guide is a research report of topics on the conference written by the dais and distributed to the delegates before the ，一般由會(huì)議主席團(tuán)撰寫，并在會(huì)前分發(fā)給各國代表。安理會(huì)決議和聯(lián)合國國際法庭的判決是具有約束力的；而聯(lián)合國大會(huì)和經(jīng)社委員會(huì)的決議不具有約束力。組成國家集團(tuán)的決定性因素是具有共同的國家利益。Caucus 磋商Caucus is a form of discussion in formal debate, in which delegates may discuss a subtopic more are two types of caucus: moderated caucus and unmoderated 。Chair 主席Chair is a member of the dais who is responsible for moderating debate, timing, ruling on points and motions, and imposing the rules of 、計(jì)時(shí)、裁決問題及動(dòng)議，并執(zhí)行會(huì)議流程的主席團(tuán)成員。模擬聯(lián)合國會(huì)議中的委員會(huì)大多模仿聯(lián)合國主要機(jī)構(gòu)、附屬機(jī)構(gòu)、規(guī)劃署、基金會(huì)、調(diào)研及培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)、特殊組織、實(shí)體和區(qū)域委員會(huì)建立。Crisis 危機(jī)“Crisis”, to which delegates must respond immediately, is an emergent matter or unexpected event that happens during a designed by the dais before the conference, a crisis may be related to the topic being discussed on the forms of crisis includenews report, official document from international organizations, video profile, or directive from embassies or ，各國代表需要立即處理的突發(fā)性事件。事件的形式有若干種，可能是突發(fā)事件的新聞報(bào)道，可能是國際組織的文件，可能是相關(guān)人員的視頻資料，也可能是外交官派出國政府發(fā)來的外交指令等。Delegate 代表Representing an UN Member State, an observer or an international organization, delegate is a person chosen or elected to express views in a Model UN ，可以代表一個(gè)聯(lián)合國成員國，一個(gè)觀察國，或一個(gè)國際組織。代表團(tuán)也指來自同一參與團(tuán)體的所有代表，例如來自同一高中或大學(xué)的全體代表。 roleplaying, document writing and topic 、文件寫作及議題調(diào)研的主席團(tuán)成員。如果被投票通過，那么決議草案就成為正式?jīng)Q議。Draft Directive 指令草案Draft directive is a form of document that aims at successfully solving the draft directive is only posed by operative actions taken under the directive need to be instant and effective instead of are wele to a draft directive, of which the unfriendly ones shall be passed after 。指令草案由行動(dòng)性條款構(gòu)成。代表可以對指令草案提出修正案，其中，非友好修正案也需要表決。Flow of the Debate 會(huì)議流程Flow of debate is the order in which events proceed during a Model UN 。 。Friendly Amendment 友好修正案A friendly amendment is a change to the draft resolution that all sponsors agree the amendment signed by all of the draft resolution39。在全部起草國簽字同意后，一份修正案便成為友好修正案，并自動(dòng)被加入到原決議草案中。therefore, the term is frequently used to refer to the award given to the best delegate, even in cases where no actual gavel is 。所以，這個(gè)詞也常常用來指贈(zèng)與最佳代表的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，哪怕事實(shí)上并沒有。Head Delegate 首席代表Head delegate is the chief representative of a Model UN 。當(dāng)超過半數(shù)的與會(huì)代表支持該動(dòng)議通過，主席團(tuán)才能予以執(zhí)行。Member State 成員國A country that has ratified the Charter of the United Nations and whose application to join has been accepted by the General Assembly and Security , there are 192 member only internationally recognized state that is not a member state is the Holy 、并且加入申請已經(jīng)被聯(lián)合國大會(huì)和安理會(huì)接受的國家。唯一一個(gè)國際承認(rèn)的非成員國家是教廷梵蒂岡。有主持核心磋商可以讓代表在短時(shí)間內(nèi)關(guān)注更為具體的問題。這些動(dòng)議的內(nèi)容可以是進(jìn)行磋商、休會(huì)、介紹決議草案或者進(jìn)入投票階段。s position clear and there are enough and fully discussed draft resolutions on the 。此動(dòng)議一般在代表認(rèn)為立場已經(jīng)得到充分闡述，且決議草案已較為完善的情況下提出。有主持核心磋商討論的主題、總時(shí)間、各代表發(fā)言時(shí)間由提出此動(dòng)議的代表提出。 ，來重置每位代表在發(fā)言名單中的發(fā)言時(shí)間。Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus 動(dòng)議自由磋商A motion for an unmoderated caucus is usually proposed under the purpose to set a free discussion so that the delegates can exchange ideas with other delegates in your need to set the total time for an unmoderated caucus in the 。MUNer 模聯(lián)人People who have participated or are participating in Model UN 。國家觀察員可以對程序性問題投票，但是不能對實(shí)體性問題進(jìn)行投票。On the floor 被討論狀態(tài)At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first written, it may not be discussed in it is approved by the Director and introduced by the mittee, it is put “on the floor” and may be further ，一份工作文件或者決議草案剛剛完成的時(shí)候不能夠被討論。Operative Clause 行動(dòng)性條款Operative clause is a part of a resolution which describes how the UN will address a clauses are written with verbs in third person singular form as beginning(, establishes, remends, etc.).決議中描述聯(lián)合國將如何解決問題的部分，以動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)（比如決定，成立，建議等等）開頭。意向條的書寫需要符合該委員會(huì)的工作語言要求。Parliamentary Procedure 議會(huì)議事程序Parliamentary procedure is based on the consideration of the rights: of the majority, of the minority, of individual members, of absentee members, of all of these groups taken ，為保護(hù)各種人和人群的權(quán)利（包括意見占多數(shù)的人，意見占少數(shù)的人，甚至是每一個(gè)人，以及沒有出席會(huì)議的人）而制定出的議事規(guī)則，即為議會(huì)議事程序。s name on it that a delegate raises in the air to answer the roll call or signal to the Chair that he or she wishes to ，代表舉起它回應(yīng)點(diǎn)名或向主席示意希望發(fā)言。包括程序性問題、詢問性問題和個(gè)人權(quán)利問題。代表需要明晰該錯(cuò)誤為何不符合該委員會(huì)的規(guī)則流程。Point of Inquiry 咨詢性問題A point of inquiry(also known as a point of parliamentary procedure)can be made when the floor is open( no other delegate is speaking)in order to ask the chairperson a question regarding the rules of ，可以在臺(tái)上沒有代表發(fā)言時(shí)舉牌向主席咨詢。s ，可以提出個(gè)人特權(quán)問題，例如：無法聽到臺(tái)上代表講話。s policies on the topics being discussed in the mittee, usually written and delivered to the dais by delegates before a Model UN ，需要代表在會(huì)前書寫完成并提交至主席團(tuán)。一般以分詞或者形容詞開頭。 names are called during the roll need to send pages to the dais to inform their attendan