【正文】
靈活等優(yōu)點(diǎn),很好的滿足了工藝要求。而采用以參數(shù)自整定 PID 控制為基礎(chǔ)的溫控系統(tǒng)具有自動(dòng)檢測(cè)、數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)采集、處理及控制結(jié)果顯示等功能,簡(jiǎn)單、可靠 , 具有真正的智能化和靈活性,大大提高了控制質(zhì)量及自動(dòng)化水平 ,具有良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,對(duì)提高電爐溫度的控制精度 具有較好的意義。 對(duì)于溫度控制系統(tǒng),較 為傳統(tǒng)的是實(shí)驗(yàn)室人員根據(jù)材料的燒成制度來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)電爐的輸出電壓以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電爐的溫度控制。盡管溫度控制很重要,但是要控制好溫度常常會(huì)遇到意想不到的困難。其中溫度是一個(gè)非常重要的過(guò)程 變量,因?yàn)樗苯佑绊懭紵?、化學(xué)反應(yīng)、發(fā)酵、烘烤、煅燒、蒸餾、濃度、擠壓成形,結(jié)晶以及空氣流動(dòng)等物理和化學(xué)過(guò)程。 關(guān)鍵詞 :?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī); 溫度控制; PID; 硬件系統(tǒng); 軟件系統(tǒng) Design Of SCM’s Temperature Control System Based On PID Abstract: Design of the main tasks is to plete the resistance furnace temperature monitoring, Boards using C8051 MCU module as a core device temperature regulation, the implementation of temperature control. The system is divided into two partshardware and software. Which also includes hardware detection of nickel chromium / nickel and aluminum two thermocouple transmitter, control part C8051F060 Boards module, operative and other solidstate relay. Some major software also includes main program and procedures T0 interrupted several parts. This system mainly use software control temperature. I use PID control the temperature in this design. When the temperature changes result in a deviation of, through the PID algorithm to change its output pulse width, thus changing the solid state relays ontime and eventually change the heating wire power, to achieve the purpose of regulating temperature. We will thermocouple, the input and output channels。 我們將熱電偶、輸入輸出通道、單片機(jī)模塊等環(huán)節(jié)構(gòu)成一個(gè)溫度單回路數(shù)字閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。本設(shè)計(jì)中,采用 PID 控制來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)溫度的控制。軟件部分主要包括主程序, T0 中斷程序以及嵌套在 T0 中斷程序中的幾個(gè)程序等幾個(gè)部分。 成都大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文(設(shè)計(jì) ) I 基于 PID 的單片機(jī)溫度控制系統(tǒng) 摘要 : 本設(shè)計(jì)主要任務(wù)是完成電阻爐 的 溫度測(cè)控,利用 C8051 單片機(jī)套件模塊作為核心器件配以適當(dāng)?shù)耐鈬娐穼?shí)現(xiàn)溫度調(diào)節(jié),實(shí)施溫度監(jiān)控。 這個(gè)系統(tǒng)分為硬件和軟件兩大部分,其中硬件部分包括溫度檢測(cè) .轉(zhuǎn)換部分的 K 型 鎳鉻 鎳鋁熱電偶,變送器 ,控制部分的 C8051F060 單片機(jī)套件模塊,以及執(zhí)行部分的固態(tài)繼電器等。 該系統(tǒng)主要采用軟件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)溫度的控制。當(dāng)溫度發(fā)生變 化進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生一個(gè)偏差量時(shí),通過(guò) PID 算法從 單片機(jī) 口上輸出一個(gè)脈沖,偏差量的大小不同其輸出脈沖的寬度也相應(yīng)的改變,從而改變了固態(tài)繼電器的接通時(shí)間,最終改變加熱絲功率,以達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)溫度的目的。利用 單片機(jī)來(lái)對(duì)溫度進(jìn)行控制,不僅具有控制方便、組態(tài)簡(jiǎn)單和靈活性大等優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且可以大幅度提高被控溫度的技術(shù)指標(biāo),從而能夠大大提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量。 the MCU module links constitute a single loop digital temperature closedloop control system. SCM right to control the temperature, control is not only convenient, simple configuration flexibility and the advantages of large, but can substantially increase the temperature was charged with the technical indicators, which can greatly enhance the quality and quantity. Key words: MCU; PID; temperature control; system hardware; system software 成都大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文(設(shè)計(jì) ) II 目 錄 緒論 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 第一章 電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................ 2 第二章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................. 3 C8051F060單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 .................................................................................................. 3 C8051F060單片機(jī)的基本特點(diǎn) ............................................................................. 3 存儲(chǔ)器結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................................ 4 . 3 模數(shù) /數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器 ................................................................................................. 6 定時(shí)器 /計(jì)數(shù)器 ................................................................................................... 7 中斷系統(tǒng) ...........................................................................................................10 熱電偶 .........................................................................................................................10 熱電偶的工作原理 .............................................................................................10 熱電偶的溫度補(bǔ)償 ............................................................................................. 11 DDZⅢ型溫度變送器 ....................................................................................................12 固態(tài)繼電器 ..................................................................................................................13 第三章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................15 PID算法 ......................................................................................................................15 PID控制的原 理和特點(diǎn) .......................................................................................15 數(shù)字 PID控制算法 .............................................................................................17 . 3 PID控制算法子程序設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................19 . 4 PID參 數(shù)的整定和求取 ........................................................................................20 溫度控制程序 ..............................................................................................................24 主程序 ..............................................................................................................24 . 2 T0 中斷程序 .......................................................................................................26 T1中斷程序 ......................................................................................................29 采樣子程序 .......................................................................................................30 數(shù)字濾波子程序 ................................................................................................31 PID算法程序 .....................................................................................................32 溫度標(biāo)度轉(zhuǎn)換程序 .............................................................................................35 第四章 系統(tǒng)軟件的匯編與調(diào)試 .....................................................................