【正文】 rol SCM PID control I 目 錄 摘 要 .................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................II 第 1 章 緒論 ......................................................................................... 1 本設(shè)計研究的目的和意義 .......................................................... 1 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展情況 ......................................................................... 3 第 2 章 余熱鍋爐汽包水位的設(shè)計 ...................................................... 5 汽包水位控制系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性分析 .......................................... 5 保持汽包正常水位的意義 .................................................. 5 被控參數(shù)與控制變量選擇 .................................................. 6 在給水流量擾動下的動態(tài)特性 ........................................... 8 在蒸汽流量擾動下的動態(tài)特性 ........................................... 9 控制系統(tǒng)的方案 ........................................................................11 單沖量控制系統(tǒng) ................................................................ 12 雙 沖量控制系統(tǒng) ................................................................ 13 三沖量控制系統(tǒng) ................................................................ 15 方案選擇 ........................................................................... 16 建立數(shù)學(xué)模型 ........................................................................... 16 汽包水位控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型 ......................................... 17 測量變送環(huán)節(jié)的傳遞函數(shù) ................................................ 18 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的傳遞函數(shù) ........................................................ 19 儀表的選擇與各變送器轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)的確定 ................................. 19 流量變送器轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)的計算 ............................................. 19 給水調(diào)節(jié)閥轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)的計算 ............................................. 20 液位變送器轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)的計算 ............................................. 20 II 第 3 章 硬件電路設(shè)計 ........................................................................ 21 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 ............................................................................ 22 I/V 變換電路 ............................................................................. 23 D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 ............................................................................ 24 DAC0832 的簡介 ................................................................ 25 AT89C51 與 DAC0832 的接口電路設(shè)計 ............................ 26 V/I 變換電路 ............................................................................. 27 AT89C51 對 LCD 的接口電路 ................................................... 28 聲光報警電路 ........................................................................... 29 AT89C51 的最小系統(tǒng) ................................................................ 30 復(fù)位電路 ........................................................................... 31 時鐘電路 ........................................................................... 32 電源電路 ........................................................................... 33 上位機(jī)與 AT89C51 的通信 ...................................................... 34 第 4 章 軟件設(shè)計 ............................................................................... 36 程序流程設(shè)計 ........................................................................... 36 系統(tǒng)主程序流程圖 ............................................................ 36 系統(tǒng)的初始 化子程序 ........................................................ 37 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換檢測子程序 ......................................................... 38 增量型 PID 控制算法子程序 ............................................ 42 D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換監(jiān)控 子程序 ......................................................... 46 報警子程序流程圖 ............................................................ 46 第 5 章 PID 參數(shù)整定及仿真 ............................................................ 48 PID 控制器參數(shù)整定 ................................................................. 48 系統(tǒng)仿真分析 ........................................................................... 51 總 結(jié) ................................................................................................. 54 致 謝 ................................................................................................. 55 III 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................. 56 附錄 1: VI 電路仿真圖 ....................................................................... 58 附錄 2: 硬件電路大圖 ....................................................................... 59 IV CONTENTS ABSTRACT(chinese) ............................................................................ I ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................II Chapte r 1 Introduction ...................................................................... 1 This design research purpose and meaning ................................. 1 The development situation at home and abroad. ........................ 3 Chapte r 2 Design of the boile r steam water level .............................. 5 Dyna mic analysis of steam water level control system ............... 5 Maintain normal stea m water level of significance ............... 5 The choice of parameters and control variables .................... 6 The dynamic characteristics of under water disturbance ....... 8 The dynamic characteristics of under steam disturbance ...... 9 Scheme of the control system .................................................. 11 Single pulse control system ............................................... 12 Double pulse control system .............................................. 13 Three impulse control system ............................................ 15 Sche me selection ................................................................. 16 Mathematical model is set up .................................................. 16 Mathematical model