【正文】 Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard. Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike. Photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed our feelings, like other kinds of art. 25. The first photo was a picture of Niepce39。 Spencer has gone even further, making its toy labeling genderneutral. In the efforts to achieve gender equality in the children world, no country has gone as far as Sweden. The nurseries that first introduced ―hen‖ still use it, and others have joined them. ―All children should be able to wear what they want. Dresses are not just for girls. And pink is a beautiful colour that should be available to everybody,‖ says Maria Hulth of a gender equality consulting firm. ―Sweden is really the pioneer,‖ says Lann Hornscheidt, a professor of gender studies. ―No other country has made such an effort to break down gender barriers among children.‖ Though there are no official statistics regarding the number of Swedish nurseries using ―hen‖, Maria Hulth notes that individual teachers now often opt to use ―hen‖ even when it‘s not the nursery‘s policy. But, she notes, ―Swedish nurseries‘ and primary schools‘ genderneutral efforts don‘t end at the neutral word. They‘re putting a lot of effort into avoiding words like boys and girls, instead just saying ?children‘. To its supporters, Sweden‘s nursery world of ―hen‖ and pinkforall is a civil rights heaven. But, Dr David Eberhard argues that a new word won‘t change the fact that the vast majority of people identify either as men or women. ―Whatever you choose to call people, the biological differences between men and women remain,‖ he notes. ―We should treat each other with respect, but ignoring biological gender differences is crazy. Making us the same won‘t create more equality.‖ He thinks boys should be allowed to play with dolls – and girls with cars – if they like to. ―But‖, he adds, ―calling them hen instead of him or her? That‘s child cruelty.‖ Given that Sweden is the world‘s fourth most genderequal country, as measured in the World Economic Forum‘s latest gender gap report (only Iceland, Finland and Denmark score higher), practices like the use of ―hen‖ suggest an already progressive country trying to fix a minor problem.―Far from it, the gender gap creates poverty among women,‖ argues Hornscheidt. ―Movements like the use of ―hen‖ are all part of an effort to create a more just world.‖ 28. The author mentions some major retailers in Paragraph 2 to show___________. A. the influence of the genderneutral campaign B. these retailers‘ efforts to promote toy sales C. the importance of making boys and girls equal D. the varieties of toys for children to choose from underlined word ―opt‖ in Paragraph 5 is closes in meaning to ___________. A. hesitate B. prefer C. pretend D. refuse 30. Which of the following would Lann Hornscheidt most probably agree with? A. Both men and women should wear pink clothes to show equality. B. Kids and adults will stay equal if they both use the word ―hen‖. C. Sweden has taken the lead in advocating the real gender equality. D. There are no biological gender differences between men and women. 31. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To seek a new solution to gender inequality. B. To introduce a new development in gender equality. C. To stress the significance of Sweden‘s gender neutral movement. D. To pare Sweden‘s education with that of other European countries. D Six people have kept themselves inside a white dome in Hawaii to have an eightmonth test of how their mental health might experience during a mission to Mars. The NASAfunded project involves three men and three women who have no access to fresh food and limited access to Inter that requires 20minute intervals between click and response, as it might be in deep space. They are allowed to step outside their igloolike enclosure — which measures 11 meters in diameter and six meters tall — only if wearing a space suit. ―We are surrounded by basaltic lava(玄武巖火山石 ) and living on the slopes of Mauna Loa where there is little evidence of plant or animal life,‖ wrote crew member Jocelyn Dunn, a doctor at Purdue University‘s School of Industrial Engineering, after her first day in the dome on October 17. ―The training wheels are ing off as our new reality is setting in,‖ Dunn wrote on her blog, which she plans to update throughout the mission. NASA is spending $ million on a series of three such projects known as Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation (HISEAS) to determine the potential risks of sending people together to spend long periods on a distant pla. NASA is aiming for a human mission to Mars by the 2030s, but experts are still not sure if humans can withstand the radiation that the journey would involve. It could take eight months to reach the Red Pla, not to mention time spent on it with a thin atmosphere and no known food source, followed by an attempt at returning to Earth. One recent study found that with the current limits of technology, adventurers to Mars would start dying in 68 days. Another study this week said the risk of radiationinduced cancer would limit any trip to one year. NASA considers it just as important to study whether people‘s mental states could hold up under the pressure of a Mars journey, sa