【正文】 甲醇，合成，精餾，工藝計(jì)算 內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 110kt / a Crude methanol synthesis, distillation process design preliminary design stage Author:Wang fang Tutor:Zhang xian ming Abstract This graduation project design for methanol production, design stage is the initial design, design elements include the selection of design schemes, chemical process calculation, drawing and writing the graduation design instruction, wherein the drawing, including synthesis of methanol distillation section material flow chart, the methanol synthesis process piping and instrument diagram, the crude methanol distillation process piping and instrument diagram map, methanol synthesis process equipment layout , the crude methanol distillation process equipment layout . Chemical process synthesis process including material balance and heat balance, distillation section material balance and heat balance. This design uses methanol production method for the production of methanol from natural gas, using a threetower rectification device. Methanol is an important anic chemical raw materials, or an excellent fuel for energy, methanol and gasoline or other substances can be mixed into a variety of different uses of industrial or civil fuel. The annual import large quantities of methanol to meet market demand, the market trend of price of international market. In recent years, increased demand for methanol, methanol plant and in part because of various reasons production or output, thus can not meet the needs of the domestic market. The design of practical significance in designing better methanol production plan, can put into production, ensure the production of better quality and higher efficiency of methanol, methanol production device, in order to solve the problem of short supply. Key words: methanol, synthesis, distillation, process calculation 內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 目錄 1 總論 .................................................................... 1 概述 .............................................................. 5 甲醇的物化性質(zhì) ............................................... 5 甲醇用途 ..................................................... 5 甲醇生產(chǎn)方法及特點(diǎn) ........................................... 6 甲醇在國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................ 6 甲醇在 國(guó)內(nèi)的市場(chǎng)需求及生產(chǎn)情況 ............................... 6 甲醇現(xiàn)在的生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn)情況 ....................................... 7 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)的依據(jù) .................................................... 8 設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品所需的主要設(shè)備 ............................................ 9 甲醇生產(chǎn)中有害物質(zhì)排放及處理 ...................................... 9 2 甲醇生產(chǎn)方案確定 ....................................................... 11 甲醇生產(chǎn)方法簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................. 11 天然氣制甲醇生產(chǎn)工藝簡(jiǎn)介 ......................................... 11 3 甲醇生產(chǎn)流程簡(jiǎn)述 ....................................................... 13 合成工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述 ................................................. 13 精餾工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述 ................................................. 13 4 工藝計(jì)算 ............................................................... 15 甲醇合成工段物料平衡計(jì)算 ......................................... 15 初始條件 .................................................... 16 物料平衡的基本關(guān)系式 ........................................ 18 系統(tǒng)中不同氣體組成的確定 .................................... 22 甲醇合成工段熱量平衡計(jì)算 ........................................ 335 甲醇水冷器的熱量平衡計(jì)算 ................................... 373 粗甲醇精餾工段物料平衡計(jì)算 ....................................... 36 預(yù)塔的物料平衡 .............................................. 37 加壓塔物料平衡計(jì)算 ......................................... 342 常壓塔物料平衡計(jì)算 .......................................... 44 內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 粗甲醇精餾工段熱量平衡計(jì)算 ....................................... 46 預(yù)塔全塔熱平衡計(jì)算 .......................................... 47 預(yù)塔精餾段熱量平衡計(jì)算 ...................................... 49 預(yù)塔提餾段熱量平衡計(jì)算 ...................................... 46 加壓塔全塔熱平衡計(jì)算 ........................................ 50 加壓塔精餾段熱量平衡計(jì)算 .................................... 51 加壓塔提餾段熱量平衡計(jì)算 .................................... 52 常壓塔全塔熱平衡計(jì)算 ........................................ 52 常壓塔精餾段熱 量平衡計(jì)算 .................................... 54 常壓塔提餾段熱量平衡計(jì)算 .................................... 54 5 主要設(shè)備介紹 ........................................................... 56 6 原材料消耗量 ........................................................... 54 7 設(shè)備布置論述 ........................................................... 55 設(shè)備布置的原則 ................................................... 55 甲醇合成、精餾工段設(shè)備布置 ....................................... 57 塔設(shè)備的布置 ............................................... 57 換熱器的布置 ............................................... 57 泵的布置 ................................................... 58 8 環(huán)境保護(hù)與安全措施 ..................................................... 59 甲醇具有毒性 ..................................................... 59 甲醇的運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ................................................... 59 化工三廢處理 ..................................................... 60 9 設(shè)計(jì)體會(huì)和收獲 ......................................................... 61 致謝 .................................................................... 62 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................ 63 內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 1 總論 概述 甲醇是一種重要的有機(jī)化工原料，主要用于生產(chǎn)甲醛。甲醇是一種優(yōu)良燃料可作能源，甲醇和汽油（柴油）或其它物質(zhì)可混合成各種不同用途的工業(yè)用或民用的新型燃料，甲醇和汽油混合可作為燃料用于運(yùn)輸業(yè)。 甲醇能和水以任意比相溶，但不形成共沸物，能和多數(shù)常用的有機(jī)溶劑 (乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、苯等 )混溶，并形成恒沸點(diǎn)混合物。CH3OH、 MgCl2遇明火會(huì)爆炸，蒸汽與空氣混合物爆炸下限 6%~%（體積）。甲醇具有脂肪族伯醇的一般性質(zhì) ,連有羥基的碳原子上的三個(gè)氫原子均可被一一氧化 ,或脫氫生成甲醛 ,再氧化成甲酸 ,甲酸氧化的最終產(chǎn)物是