【正文】 ......................................................................... I Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II 1 緒 論 ....................................................................................................................... 1 研究的目的、意義 ............................................................................................. 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................................. 2 本課題研究?jī)?nèi)容 ................................................................................................. 3 2 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)控制的研究 ....................................................................... 4 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)過(guò)程的分析 ................................................................. 4 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)方法 ............................................................................. 6 直接 起動(dòng) ........................................................................................................... 6 傳統(tǒng)減壓起動(dòng) .................................................................................................... 7 軟啟動(dòng) ..............................................................................................................10 軟起動(dòng)的原理及分析 ........................................................................................ 11 晶閘管調(diào)壓原理 ................................................................................................ 11 軟起動(dòng)的起動(dòng)方式 ............................................................................................13 3 軟啟動(dòng)器的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................16 主要器件的介紹 ................................................................................................16 KJ004 功能介紹 .................................................................................................16 KJ041 功能介紹 .................................................................................................18 KJ042 功能介紹 .................................................................................................19 主電路的選擇 ....................................................................................................20 調(diào)壓方式的選擇 ................................................................................................20 晶閘管相控調(diào)壓原理 .........................................................................................21 主回路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................21 主回路電路 .......................................................................................................22 晶閘管參數(shù)選擇 ................................................................................................22 晶閘管觸發(fā)電路 ..............................................................................................................23 晶閘管保護(hù)電路 ................................................................................................26 電壓檢測(cè)回路 ....................................................................................................26 同步信號(hào)檢測(cè) ...................................................................................................27 電壓反饋回路 ...................................................................................................28 電流檢測(cè)回路 ....................................................................................................30 電流反饋回路 ...................................................................................................30 過(guò)電流保護(hù)電路 ................................................................................................31 4 基于單片機(jī)的軟起動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................31 單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................32 控制軟件設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................34 觸發(fā)脈沖控制的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................36 II 結(jié)束語(yǔ) ..........................................................................................................................44 參考文獻(xiàn) ......................................................................................................................45 致 謝 ..........................................................................................................................46 I 三 相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 三相 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)因具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、制造方便、運(yùn)行可靠、價(jià)格低廉等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而 廣泛應(yīng)用 在工 業(yè)、 農(nóng)業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸 業(yè) 、國(guó)防工業(yè)以及其他各行各業(yè)中。但它 也 有明顯的缺點(diǎn)，那 就是起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩小，起動(dòng)電流過(guò)大。為了減小異步電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)過(guò)程中對(duì)電網(wǎng)的沖擊、消除傳統(tǒng)降壓起動(dòng)設(shè)備的有級(jí)觸點(diǎn)控制對(duì)異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的沖擊、改善異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)特性，本文對(duì)基于單片機(jī)控制的晶閘管調(diào)壓軟起動(dòng)器進(jìn)行 討論 。 然后是對(duì) 電動(dòng)機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)器模式的設(shè)計(jì)， 但 主要 還 是軟起動(dòng)器的硬件電路 設(shè)計(jì) 。 使之能 達(dá)到了改善 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)性能的要求。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：異步電動(dòng)機(jī)；晶閘管；軟起動(dòng) II Design of threephase asynchronous motor’soft starter Abstract Threephase asynchronous motor has a wide range of application in industry,argriculture， transportation business， defense industry and other walks of life． But it also has the obvious shortings that starting torque, starting current. This kind of situation of motor and power are very disadvantageous around. In order to reduce the asynchronous motor startup process for grid, eliminate the impact of traditional stepdown start equipment has control of contacts in the level of asynchronous motor, improve the impact of asynchronous motor starter characteristics, this article based on the single chip microputer control thyristor surge soft starter are discussed. This article elaborates the soft starter thyristor regulating circuit, which is based on thyristor threephase asynchronous motor soft starter main circuit design and implement trigger circuit design. Then the motor soft starter, but the pattern design of main or s