【正文】 技術(shù)革命，自動化、智能化均離不開單片機的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)比較的結(jié)果，采用 PID 算法控制 PWM 信號的輸出，控制加熱設(shè)備的動作 ,從而達(dá)到穩(wěn)定地控制溫度的目的。目前，一個學(xué)習(xí)與應(yīng)用單片機的高潮在全社會大規(guī)模地興起。 溫度控制在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中運用的非常廣泛，其控制過程中存在著很大的時滯性和很強的干擾。廣東工業(yè)大學(xué) 華立學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 恒溫箱單片機控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 論文題目 恒溫箱單片機控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 系 部 機械電氣學(xué)部 專 業(yè) 自動化 班 級 06 自動化 2 班 學(xué) 號 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 年 月 摘 要 溫度控制 是工業(yè)控制中主要的被控參數(shù)之一，特別是在冶金、化工、建材、食品、機械、石油等工業(yè) 中，具有舉足重輕的作用。隨著電子技術(shù)和微型計算機的迅速發(fā)展，微機測量和控制技術(shù)得到了迅速的發(fā)展和廣泛的應(yīng)用。恒溫箱控制系統(tǒng) ,其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)為保持箱內(nèi)溫度的恒定 , 單片機具有體積小、功能強、成本低、應(yīng)用面廣等優(yōu)點，可以說，智能控制與自動控制的核心就是單片機。學(xué)習(xí)單片機的最有效方法就是理論與實踐并重 ， 本文采用 AT89C52 單片機和 DS18B20 數(shù)字溫度傳感器測量恒溫箱的溫度 ,并和設(shè) 定溫度比較。 關(guān)鍵詞 :恒溫箱 數(shù)字溫度傳感器 PWM 信號 單片機 Abstract Temperature Control is one of main Charged with parameters at Industrial Control. Especially in metallurgy, chemical, building materials, food, machinery, petroleum and other industries has held the role of foot heavylight. As the rapid development of electronic technology and microputer. Microputer measurement and control technology has been rapid development of and wide range of applications. Temperature control is used widely in industry production,with large lag and big disturb. About the thermostat control system, its key technology is to control a constant temperature inside, SCM has a small volume, strong function, low cost, wide application scope etc. It can be said， Intelligent control and automatic control of the microcontroller core is SCM， These days， A culmination of study and application of SCM the rise of a large scale in the whole society. The most effective way to learn SCM is both theoretical and practical, this paper uses AT89C52 SCM and DS18B20 digital temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the incubator, then pared with the set temperature . According to the results of this parison, the PID algorithm to control the output PWM signal ,then control the action heating equipment, so as to achieve stable temperature control purposes. Keywords： Incubator Digital temperature sensor PWM signal Signal chip Microputer 目 錄 1 前言 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2 設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)與研究意義 ................................................................................................ 2 3 系統(tǒng)綜合設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................................ 4 本設(shè)計將實現(xiàn)的要求 .................................................................................................. 4 系統(tǒng)方案的選擇與論證 .............................................................................................. 4 系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)圖 .......................................................................................................... 5 4 系統(tǒng)各單元硬件的設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................ 6 單片機主控制模塊的設(shè)計 .......................................................................................... 6 溫度采集模塊設(shè)計 ...................................................................................................... 7 數(shù)字溫控芯片 DS18B20 介紹 ........................................................................... 7 DS18B20 引腳功能、接法 ................................................................................ 7 DS18B20 的特性指標(biāo) ........................................................................................ 7 DS18B20 的數(shù)字溫度對照表 ............................................................................ 7 顯示模塊設(shè)計 .............................................................................................................. 8 獨立鍵盤設(shè)計模塊 ...................................................................................................... 8 加熱電路 ...................................................................................................................... 9 系統(tǒng)加熱原理框圖 ............................................................................................ 9 加熱電路圖 ........................................................................................................ 9 報警電路模塊設(shè)計 .................................................................................................... 10 5 PID 控制算法與 PWM 信號 ............................................................................................ 11 PID 控溫原理 ........................................................................................................... 11 PID 算法 ................................................................................................................... 11 PWM 信號 ................................................................................................................ 12 6 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計（程序見附錄 3） ........................................................................................ 15 主程序流程框圖 ......................................................................................................... 15 子程序流程圖 ............................................................................................................ 15 7 指標(biāo)調(diào)試 .............................................................................................................................. 19 硬件調(diào)試 ..................................................................................................................... 19 軟件測試 ..................................................................................................................... 19 小 結(jié) .......................................................................................................................................... 20 展望 ....................................................................................................