【正文】
波測距儀。實(shí)用的測距方法有兩種,一種是在被測距離的兩端,一端發(fā)射,另一端接收的直接波方式,適用于身高計(jì);一種是發(fā)射波被物體反射回來后接收的反射波方式,適用于測距儀。特別是應(yīng)用于空氣測距,由于空氣中波 速較慢,其回波信號中包含的沿傳播方向上的結(jié)構(gòu)信息很容易檢測出來,具有很高的分辨力,因而其準(zhǔn)確度也較其它方法為高;而且超聲波傳感器具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、體積小、信號處理可靠等特點(diǎn)。對于被測物處于黑暗、有灰塵煙霧、電磁干擾、有毒等惡劣的環(huán)境下有一定的適應(yīng)能力。 關(guān)鍵詞: 超聲波測距 ; AT89s52; 超聲波傳感器 ;定時(shí)器;方波信號 杭州電子科技大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) ABSTRACT This ultrasonic ranging system designer mainly controlled by Micro Control Unit, MCU controls the timer, the software produces about 40KHZ square wave signal triggered emission sensors, to control the transmit and receive ultrasound. The AT89s52 MCU to control the data process and design to accurately measure the distance between two points in the ultrasonic range finder. The Transmitter circuit drives the output from the MCU to send ultrasound directly. Receiver circuit consists of transistor amplification, the shaping circuit. The circuit is simple, less debugging. The range finder controller system is mainly included by the microcontroller, ultrasonic transmitter circuit, ultrasonic receiver circuit and display circuit. Using the design of the ultrasonic range finder, for different distances were tested, and conducted the error analysis. The system is reasonably simple circuit design, stable, good performance, test speed, calculation is simple and easy to do realtime control, and measurement error terms to achieve a simple and requirements of practical industry. Key words: ultrasonic distance; AT89s52; ultrasonic sensors; timer; square wave;杭州電子科技大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 目 錄 1 引言 1 2 概述 2 超聲波測距 系統(tǒng)概述 2 設(shè)計(jì)方案思路 3 研發(fā)方向和技術(shù)關(guān)鍵 3 主要 設(shè)計(jì) 技術(shù)指標(biāo) 3 3 總體設(shè)計(jì) 4 發(fā)射傳感器 觸發(fā) 4 發(fā)射傳感器驅(qū)動(dòng) 4 接收信號處理 5 超聲波的衰減 11 數(shù)碼管驅(qū)動(dòng)顯示 5 4 硬件設(shè)計(jì) 6 AT89s52 單片機(jī) 6 超聲波傳感器 8 超聲波測距 9 數(shù)碼管驅(qū)動(dòng) 11 5 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 14 總體方案 14 程序流程 14 模塊說明 14 6 制作與調(diào)試步驟 18 硬件電路的布線與焊接 18 調(diào)試 步驟 18 7 系統(tǒng)測試結(jié)果及誤差分析 18 8 結(jié)論 20 致謝 21 參考文獻(xiàn) 22附錄 23 杭州電子科技大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 1 1 引言 超聲測距是一種非接觸式的檢測方式。利用所設(shè)計(jì)出的 超聲波測距儀,對不同距離進(jìn)行了