【正文】 車間、空壓站，我們可以根據(jù)需要系數(shù)法計算各車間的有功功率、無功功率、容量與工作電流。 按需要系數(shù)法確定計算負(fù)荷 根據(jù)原始資料分析，本論文負(fù)荷是多組用電設(shè)備計算，所以，要根據(jù)多組用電設(shè)備計算負(fù)荷的計算公式來計算。 當(dāng)用電設(shè)備臺數(shù)少而容量又相差懸殊時，則宜采用二項式法計算。關(guān)于以概率輪為理論基礎(chǔ)而提出的用以取代二項式發(fā)達(dá)利用系數(shù)法，由于其計算比較繁復(fù)而未能得到普遍應(yīng)用，所以只介紹需要系數(shù)法與二項式法。 用電設(shè)備組計算負(fù)荷的確定，在工程中常用的有需要系數(shù)法和二項式法。由于載流導(dǎo)體一般通電半小時后即可達(dá)到穩(wěn)定的溫升值，因此通常取 “半小時最大負(fù)荷 ”作為發(fā)熱條件選擇電器元件的計算負(fù)荷。 本篇設(shè)計論文的 內(nèi)容有：先 完成一篇外文論文的閱讀和翻譯工作； 按照設(shè)計所提供的用電設(shè)備資料來計算負(fù)荷；通過進(jìn)行無功補(bǔ)償來提高系統(tǒng)的功率因素；根據(jù)負(fù)荷等級和計算負(fù)荷，選定供電電源、電壓等級和供電方式；根據(jù)環(huán)境和計算負(fù)荷來選擇 變電所位置、變壓器數(shù)量和容量；確定變配電所的最佳主接線的方案；選擇并校驗電氣設(shè)備及配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)載流導(dǎo)體截面；繼電保護(hù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計和參數(shù)整定計算；對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行防雷設(shè)計和接地設(shè)計；歸納設(shè)計的計算部分編成計算書；繪制供電系統(tǒng)主接線圖。供電設(shè)計一般分兩個階段，初步設(shè)計階段和施工圖設(shè)計階段。對論文每一步都一定要遵循國家的線性技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和設(shè)計規(guī)范來設(shè)計。本論文主要對冶金機(jī)械修造廠進(jìn)行全面的配電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。 在目前各種形式的能源中，電能具有如下特點：易于去其它形式的能源相互轉(zhuǎn)化；輸配電簡單經(jīng)濟(jì)；可以精確控制、調(diào)節(jié)和測量。 1 1 緒 論 論文 背景及目的 電能是一種清潔的二次能源。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 負(fù)荷計算 , 主接線設(shè)計 ，短路 計算 ，配電 裝置 Abstract A Metallurgical Machinery factory if the transmission and distribution system have a sound planning, savings can be good, reasonable land use planning, reducing power loss, upgrade quality and ensure the normal operation of systems. In this pape r, transmission and distribution of a prehensive design, content is divided into four parts. The first part discussed the background and purpose, then the raw data to conduct a preliminary analysis, to determine a good step in the design of this thesis. The second part of the metallurgical have plant to identify good part of the load, an accurate calculation, through the reactive power pensation system to improve the power factor to reduce the power loss. According to load the importance and the size of a reasonable load the main cables, power supply lines and preliminary design of the transformer choice. The third part is to ensure that the safety system, first of all, the system accurate shortcircuit, and then be the basis of the current shortcircuit current and impact of a series of high and low voltage equipment selection and validation to ensure the normal operation of systems. The fourth part of the design in accordance with the requirements of lightning protection measures for the final selection and ground equipment design, increased system security. In the final papers also include the design drawings and calculation process. Key words： Load calculation, Main wiring design, Shortcircuit calculation, Distribution Device 1 目 錄 1 緒 論 ........................................................................................................................ 1 論文背景及目的 ............................................................................................ 1 論文研究方法 ................................................................................................ 1 供電設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容 .................................................................................... 1 2 負(fù)荷計算與無功功率補(bǔ)償 ...................................................................................... 2 負(fù)荷計算 ........................................................................................................ 2 負(fù)荷計算的意義 .................................................................................. 2 按需要系數(shù)法確定計算負(fù)荷 .............................................................. 2 6kV 負(fù)荷計算 ...................................................................................... 3 ~ 變電所 380V 負(fù)荷計算 .................................................. 3 無功補(bǔ)償計算 ................................................................................................ 4 確定補(bǔ)償容量 ...................................................................................... 4 補(bǔ)償后的功率因素 .............................................................................. 7 3 變壓器選擇與主接線方案的設(shè)計 .......................................................................... 8 選擇降壓變壓器 ............................................................................................ 8 35kV/6kV 變壓器的選擇 .................................................................... 8 6kV/380V 變壓器的選擇 .................................................................... 9 工廠主接線方案的比較 .............................................................................. 10 工廠總降壓變電所高壓側(cè)主接線方式比較 .................................... 10 工廠總降壓變電所低壓側(cè)主接線方式比較 .................................... 10 工廠總降壓變電所 供配電電壓的選擇 ............................................ 11 總降壓變電所電氣主接線設(shè)計 .................................................................... 11 高低壓配電柜選擇 ...................................................................................... 11 4 短路電流計算 ........................................................................................................ 13 短路計算的意義 .......................................................................................... 13 短路計算 ...................................................................................................... 13 5 電氣設(shè)備選擇 ........................................................................................................ 15 2 電氣設(shè)備選擇與校驗的條件與項目 .......................................................... 15 設(shè)備選擇 ...................................................................................................... 15 斷路器的選擇 .................................................................................... 15 隔離開關(guān)的選擇 ................................................................................ 17 高壓熔斷器選擇 ................................................................................ 18 電壓互感器的選擇 ............................................................................ 19 電流互感器的選擇 ............................................................................ 20 母線與各電壓等級出線選擇 ...................................................................... 23 6kV 母線的選擇 ................................................................................ 23 選擇 35kV 線路 導(dǎo)線 ...............................................................