【正文】 電機(jī)切換等環(huán)節(jié)封裝模塊，構(gòu)建了完整的仿真系統(tǒng)模型，并分析了每個(gè)模塊的建立過程，參數(shù)設(shè)定及基本功能，給出了仿真結(jié)果，并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了 分析和驗(yàn)證。在這基礎(chǔ)上詳述了軟啟動(dòng)的啟動(dòng)原理，給出了限流軟啟動(dòng)、電壓斜坡啟動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)矩控制啟動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)矩加突跳控制啟動(dòng)、電壓控制啟動(dòng)等幾種啟動(dòng)方法和曲線圖。 I 交流電機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)的技術(shù)原理與仿真 摘 要 本文首先闡述了交流電機(jī)的直接啟動(dòng)，論述了直接啟動(dòng)的危害如電網(wǎng)沖擊，機(jī)械沖擊，對生產(chǎn)機(jī)械的沖擊等，敘述了交流電機(jī)直接啟動(dòng)的限制條件；并且將交流電機(jī)的直接啟動(dòng)和軟啟動(dòng)進(jìn)行比較，得出了軟啟動(dòng)對電網(wǎng)沖擊小，轉(zhuǎn)矩沖擊小且減少了對機(jī)器本身的損壞等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 其次詳細(xì)論述了幾種主要的交流電機(jī)降壓啟動(dòng)原理。然后分別對每種啟動(dòng)方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了說明，得出了 比較好的啟動(dòng)方式是電壓控制啟動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)矩控制啟動(dòng)和轉(zhuǎn)矩加突跳控制 啟動(dòng)， 并且對變頻調(diào)速做了淺談使之與軟啟動(dòng)進(jìn)行比較得出了軟啟動(dòng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 最后歸納總結(jié)目前軟啟動(dòng)技術(shù)的特性，指出目前軟啟動(dòng)產(chǎn)品開發(fā)應(yīng)考慮的因素以及軟啟動(dòng)的發(fā)展，軟啟動(dòng)的節(jié)能。 And the alternating current machine line start and the soft start will carry on the parison, obtained the soft start to the electrical work impact, the torque has attacked small also reduced to machine itself merit and so on damage. Next in detail elaborated several kind of main alternating current machine voltage dropping resistor start principle, has related in detail the soft start start principle in this foundation, gave has limited flows the soft start, the voltage pitch starts, the torque control started, torque Canada kicked the control to start, voltage control start and so on several start methods and diagram of curves, Has separately carried on the explanation to each kind of start way good and bad points, has obtained the quite good start way is the voltage control starts, the torque control start and torque Canada kicks the control start. Draws support from the Matlab/Simulink toolbox and the electrical system module storehouse once more (Power System Blockset) conducts the simulation research to the alternating current machine soft start process, Established the threephase AC voltage link module, the synchronized link module, the pulse has had the module, the threephase AC accent pressed the module, the electrical machinery and the survey module, the current feedback, link seal modules and so on start control and anxious link, Has constructed the integrity simulation system model, and has analyzed each module establishment process, the parameter hypothesis and the basic function, has given the simulation result, and has carried on the analysis to the result, the confirmation. Finally induces the summary at present the soft start technology characteristic, pointed out the present soft start product development should consider factor as well as soft start development, soft start energy conservation, and did to the frequency conversion velocity modulation discussed shallowly caused it to carry on the parison with the soft start to obtain the soft start good and bad points. KEKWORDS: AC motor， Softstarting， simulating， matlab， energy saving III 目 錄 摘 要 .................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................ II 1 交流軟啟動(dòng)概述 ......................................................... 1 交流電機(jī)啟動(dòng)方式簡介 ............................................. 1 交流電機(jī)直接啟動(dòng)的弊端及限制條件 ........................... 1 傳統(tǒng)的啟動(dòng)技術(shù) ............................................. 2 晶閘管軟啟動(dòng)技術(shù) ........................................... 3 交流電機(jī)啟動(dòng)方式選擇 ....................................... 3 型異步電動(dòng)機(jī)減壓啟動(dòng)方法 ......................................... 4 定子串電阻或電抗器減壓啟動(dòng) ................................. 4 自耦變壓器降壓啟動(dòng) ......................................... 5 星形－三角形（ Y－△）啟動(dòng) .................................. 7 變頻軟啟動(dòng)的原理及應(yīng)用 ........................................... 7 變頻軟啟動(dòng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) ....................................... 8 變頻軟啟動(dòng)的工作原理 ....................................... 8 變頻軟啟動(dòng)與 軟啟動(dòng)的比較 ........................................ 10 2 晶閘管軟啟動(dòng)技術(shù)原理與節(jié)能 ............................................ 11 晶閘管軟啟動(dòng)技術(shù)原理 ............................................. 11 軟啟動(dòng)節(jié)能技術(shù)及原理與軟啟 動(dòng)智能化發(fā)展 ........................... 14 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)中的損耗 ........................................ 14 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的節(jié)能原理 ...................................... 14 軟啟動(dòng)智能化發(fā)展 .......................................... 16 軟啟動(dòng)行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展方向 ......................................... 17 軟啟動(dòng)行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 ............................................ 17 軟啟動(dòng)的發(fā)展方向 .......................................... 17 3 MATLAB/SIMULINK 工具箱的簡介 ........................................... 19 MATLAB 簡介 ....................................................... 19 SIMULINK 工具箱簡介： .............................................. 21 電力系統(tǒng)模型庫（ SIMPOWERSYSTERM）工具箱簡介 ......................... 23 4 交流電機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)仿真建模 ............................................ 24 交流電動(dòng)機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型 ............................................... 24 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)在α ,β,0 坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)下的數(shù)學(xué)模型 .................. 24 IV 異步電機(jī)在 d,q,0 坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)下的數(shù)學(xué)模型 ...................... 25 交流電機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)基本模塊仿真 ....................................... 26 交流電機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)仿真 ........................................... 30 5 交流電機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)仿真分析 ............................................ 31 SIMULINK 仿真分析 ................................................ 31 轉(zhuǎn)速 ...................................................... 31 轉(zhuǎn)矩 ...................................................... 31 定子電流 .................................................. 32 轉(zhuǎn)子電流 .................................................. 33 脈沖圖像 .................................................. 33 觸發(fā)角 alpha 的變化 ........................................ 34 電壓 ...................................................... 34 分析小結(jié) ........................................................ 35 6 總結(jié) .................................................................. 36 致 謝 ................................................................... 36 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ............................................................. 38 交流電機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)的技術(shù)原理與仿真 1 1 交流軟啟動(dòng)概述 交流電機(jī)啟動(dòng)方式簡介 交流電動(dòng)機(jī)廣泛應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè)，但傳統(tǒng)電機(jī)的 直接 啟動(dòng)、停止制動(dòng)方式存在許多缺陷。傳統(tǒng)的降壓啟動(dòng)方式， 無論是星 三 角啟動(dòng)或自耦變壓器降壓啟動(dòng)等啟動(dòng)方式，雖然減少了啟動(dòng)電流，但啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩也同時(shí)減少，只能應(yīng)用在輕載或空載啟動(dòng)場合。無論是啟動(dòng)還是停止，均不能滿足平穩(wěn)平滑啟動(dòng)、停止的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)工藝要求 [1]。直接啟動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是啟動(dòng)設(shè)備簡單，啟動(dòng)速度快。同時(shí)過大的啟動(dòng)電流會使電機(jī)繞組發(fā)熱，從而加速絕緣老化，影響電機(jī)壽命。 （ c） 對生產(chǎn)機(jī)械的沖擊： 啟動(dòng)過程中的壓力突變往往造成泵系統(tǒng)管道、閥門的損