【正文】 XXXXXXX 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 摘要 I 摘 要 單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)是隨著超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)的發(fā)展而誕生的，由于它具有體積小、功能強(qiáng)、性?xún)r(jià)比高等特點(diǎn)，把單片機(jī)應(yīng)用于溫度控制中，采用單片機(jī)做主控單元，無(wú)觸點(diǎn)控制，可完成對(duì)溫度的采集和控制的要求。所以廣泛應(yīng) 用于電子儀表、家用電器、節(jié)能裝置、機(jī)器人、工業(yè)控制等諸多領(lǐng)域，使產(chǎn)品小型化、智能化，既提高了產(chǎn)品的功能和質(zhì)量，又降低了成本，簡(jiǎn)化了設(shè)計(jì)。 并根據(jù)具體的要求本文編寫(xiě)了適合本設(shè)計(jì)的軟件程序?？刂凭戎苯佑绊懼a(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的好壞。因此本文將模糊控制算法引入傳統(tǒng) 的加熱爐控制系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成智能模糊控制系統(tǒng)。 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） I Abstract The single slice of microputers emerges with development of very large scale integration technology, because it has small , the function is strong , high characteristic of cost performance, applies the onechip puter to temperature control, adopt the onechip puter to do the top management unit, control contactlessly , can finish the requisition for collection and control of temperature . So apply to such a great deal of fields as electronic instrument , household appliances , energyconservation fitting , the robot , industrial control ,etc. extensively, make the products miniaturized , intelligented , has already improved the function and quality of the products, have lower costs again, has simplified and designed. This text introduces the application of the onechip puter in the temperature control of heattreatment furnace mainly, position and selecting to introduce the detailed one with device mainly of the temperature control module . And has written the suitable software procedure originally designed according to the concrete demand this text. Temperature in heat treatment craft is very important. Control precision effect directly the quality of the product. The electric stove is a kind pure great inertia system, and the traditional heat control system is based on some certain model, so is hard to satisfy the technological paper will adopt fuzzy control algorithm to build a intelligent fuzzy control system. Keyword： SCM； Temperature control； Fuzzy PID. 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 目錄 II 目 錄 第 1章 緒論 ....................................................................... 1 引言 ..................................................... 1 控制器發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ........................................... 1 PID 控制器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 .................................. 1 模糊 PID 控制 ......................................... 2 模糊自整定 PID 控制 ................................... 2 電爐采用模糊自整定 PID 控制的可行性 ...................... 3 第 2章 方案簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................. 4 課題背景與意義 ........................................... 4 系統(tǒng)方案概述 ............................................. 5 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 ............................................. 6 第 3章 系統(tǒng)硬件和電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................................... 7 引言 ....................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................... 7 溫度檢測(cè)電路 ............................................. 8 溫度傳感器 ............................................ 8 測(cè)量放大器的組成 ...................................... 8 熱電偶冷端溫度補(bǔ)償方法 ................................ 9 多路開(kāi)關(guān)的選擇 ........................................... 9 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇及連接 ................................... 10 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)展 ........................................ 11 系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展概述 ........................................ 11 常用擴(kuò)展器件簡(jiǎn)介 .................................... 12 存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展 ............................................ 13 程序存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展 .................................... 13 只讀存 儲(chǔ)器簡(jiǎn)介 .................................. 13 EPROM2764 簡(jiǎn)介 ................................. 13 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器的擴(kuò)展 .................................... 15 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器概述 .................................. 15 靜態(tài) RAM6264 簡(jiǎn)介 ................................ 15 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器擴(kuò)展舉例 .............................. 15 單片機(jī) I/O 口的擴(kuò)展（ 8155 擴(kuò)展芯片） ...................... 16 8155 的結(jié)構(gòu)和引腳 .................................... 16 8155 的控制字的及其工作方式 .......................... 17 8155 與 8031 的連接 ................................... 18 看門(mén)狗、報(bào)警、復(fù)位和時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì) ...................... 19 看門(mén)狗電路的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................... 19 報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 20 復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 20 東華理工大學(xué)長(zhǎng)江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 目錄 III 時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 21 鍵盤(pán)與顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 22 LED 數(shù)碼顯示器的接口電路 ............................. 22 鍵盤(pán)接口電路 ......................................... 23 DAC7521 數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換接口 ..................................... 24 隔離放大器的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 25 可控硅調(diào)功控溫 .......................................... 26 過(guò)零觸發(fā)調(diào)功器的組成 ................................. 25 主要電路介紹 ......................................... 27 單片機(jī)開(kāi)關(guān)穩(wěn)壓電源設(shè)計(jì) .................................. 28 第 4章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................... 30 主要程序的框圖 .......................................... 30 主程 序框圖 ............................................ 30 顯示子程序 ............................................ 31 鍵盤(pán)中斷服務(wù)子程序 .................................... 32 恒溫及升溫測(cè)控子程序 .................................. 33 降溫測(cè)控子程序 ........................................ 34 模糊自整定 PID 控制算法 ................................. 35 參考文獻(xiàn) .......................................................................... 38 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) .......................................................................... 38 致謝 ............................................................................... 40 附錄 ............................................................................... 41