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第二章國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語xxxx229-展示頁(yè)

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【正文】 (簡(jiǎn)稱INCOTERMS2023)、《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》(簡(jiǎn)稱 UCP500)、《托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則》(簡(jiǎn)稱 URC522) 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例 ? 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例的性質(zhì) ? ,本身不具有強(qiáng)制性或約束力; ? 一定條件 下,才產(chǎn)生法律約束力,具有強(qiáng)制性; 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例 ? 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例的性質(zhì) ? ① 通過 國(guó)內(nèi)立法 ,將國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例引入國(guó)內(nèi)法中,或者在國(guó)內(nèi)法明文規(guī)定適用國(guó)際慣例。 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例 International customary practices ? 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例 (International trade practice),或稱國(guó)際商業(yè)慣例 (International Commercial practice),是人們從事國(guó)際貨物買賣活動(dòng)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的重要準(zhǔn)則,也是國(guó)際貿(mào)易法的主要淵源之一。 ? 每噸 1100美元 CIF紐約,紐約為目的港。 貿(mào)易術(shù)語的表達(dá)及解釋 ? 在國(guó)際貨物貿(mào)易合同中,單價(jià)包括:計(jì)價(jià)單位、價(jià)格及貿(mào)易術(shù)語。 ?有利于其他有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)開展業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。 ?有利于解決履約當(dāng)中的爭(zhēng)議。 ?有利于買賣雙方核算價(jià)格和成本 。 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語的作用 ?有利于買賣雙方洽商交易和訂立合同 。第二章 國(guó)際貿(mào)易述語 (P4562) International Trade terms On FOB term basis, Seller A prepared the goods at the stipulated time, meanwhile, Buyer B informed A of the name of vessel and the date of shipment ,when the goods is lifted to the ship, it fell down on the deck ,so now who shall take responsibility? Seller or Buyer? Case1(案例 1): Case2(案例 2): ? One import and export pany exported his goods under the CIF term. The seller delivered the goods on board of the vessel on time and prepared all necessary documents. But the vessel stranded and sank in a few hours after departure. The next day, when the seller asked for payment with full set of documents in conformity with the contract, the buyer refused to accept the documents and rejected payment because his goods have been lost. Is it reasonable for the buyer to do so? Why? ? A merchant in South America placed an order with a Chinese export pany for a certain modity on CFR Asuncion (亞松森 )terms .With a view to develop new markets, the export pany immediately made an offer abroad on the basis of CFR Asuncion, and the transaction was soon concluded. When shipping the goods, however, this pany came to realize that Asuncion is an inland city. As was the case, if the pany had the goods transported to Asuncion, it had to , first of all, have the goods transported by sea to a seaport in Argentina or some other South American neighboring country. After that, the goods might be transport to Asuncion through river transportation or inland transportation. As a result, this pany had to pay a considerable sum of freight charges. What can we learn from this case? Case3(案例 3): ? 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語概述(定義、作用、表達(dá)) ? 常用的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋 ? 其他國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語 ? 使用國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語要注意的問題 ? 案例分析 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn) Main points to be understood about this chapter 國(guó)際貿(mào)易述語概述 ? 定義 ? 作用 ? 表達(dá)及解釋 ? 相關(guān)慣例 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語的定義 ? 也稱價(jià)格術(shù)語,是在長(zhǎng)期的國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生的,用來表示商品的 價(jià)格構(gòu)成 ,說明 交貨地點(diǎn),確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、責(zé)任、費(fèi)用劃分 等問題的專門用語。 貿(mào)易術(shù)語的定義 The definition of Trade Terms ? The trade terms, are the short terms or abbreviations or brief English concept(3 English characters in Incoterms2023) to indicate/explain the position/formation of the unit price and determine the (1)responsibilities/rights and obligations, (2)expenses and (3)risks borne by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods(貨權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移 ). 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語的作用 ? 交易雙方在洽談交易,訂立合同時(shí)必然考慮: ? 賣方在什么地方,以什么方式辦理交貨 ? ? 貨物發(fā)生損損壞或滅失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)何時(shí)由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移給買方 ? ? 由誰負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的運(yùn)輸、保險(xiǎn)以及通關(guān)過境的手續(xù) ? ? 由誰承擔(dān)辦理上述事項(xiàng)時(shí)所需的各種費(fèi)用 ? ? 買賣雙方需要交接哪些有關(guān)單據(jù) ? ? 為解決這些問題,貿(mào)易術(shù)語在實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展起來。 明確雙方的責(zé)任、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。 便于考慮從屬費(fèi)用,便于進(jìn)行比價(jià)和成本核算。 如有合同中沒有規(guī)定的爭(zhēng)議,可援引貿(mào)易術(shù)語的一般解釋來處理。 船公司、保險(xiǎn)公司和銀行等機(jī)構(gòu)可以依據(jù)貿(mào)易術(shù)語的慣例的解釋開展業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。 ? 貿(mào)易術(shù)語的縮寫字母后面,應(yīng)寫上規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)地(港)或目的地(港) ? 如:每噸 1000美元 FOB上海,上海為裝運(yùn)港。 ? 每噸 1200美元 CIP紐約希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng),紐約希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)為空運(yùn)目的地。 ? 它是在國(guó)際貿(mào)易的長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐中逐漸形成和發(fā)展起來的一些較為明確和固定的貿(mào)易習(xí)慣和一般做法。 ―― 如:我國(guó) 《民法通則 》 規(guī)定:“中華人民共和國(guó)法律和中華人民共和國(guó)締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約沒有規(guī)定的,可以適用國(guó)際慣例。 ? ③通過 合同 ,在合同中直接引用某一國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例。 ? ⑤ 默示適用 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例。 ? ,也未注明該合同適用某項(xiàng)慣例,在合同執(zhí)行中發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí),受理該爭(zhēng)議案的司法和仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)也往往會(huì)引用某一國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例進(jìn)行判決或裁決。 ?如合同當(dāng)事人要在銷售合同中訂入INCOTERMS時(shí),要清楚指明所引用的 版本 。 常用國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋 ? FOB ?CIF ?CFR ?FCA ?CPT ?CIP FOB Free On Board(… named port of shipment) 裝運(yùn)港船上交貨 …… 指定裝運(yùn)港 It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver the goods when they have passed over the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all expenses and risks of or damage to the goods from that point. FOB Shanghai or FOB New York The seller’s responsibilities ? deliver
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