【正文】 全套圖紙，加 527953900 II Abstract Currently， fing method at home and abroad， mainly remains Free fing and Roll fing， Model Fing of Industrial developed countries easily outnumbered Free fing. Beca mechanical property. High strength, impact fatigue resistance. Fe is one of the oldest use of high production rate of Roll fing， high dimension precision of fing， high utilization ratio of material and fibrous tissue distributes the outlines of fing， so it has good production technology of human invention, is one of the important technology in mechanical manufacturing industry. It includes the fing and stamping technology, and the plastic deformation associated with technology. Fing as main methods and means of metal processing . Fing ps histiocytomarocess can ensure the continuity of metallic fibrou , consistent with appearance of fibrous tissue and fings fing, metal flow line plete, guaranteed parts with good mechanical properties and long service life, Fing is the weightbearing loads in the machine parts, particularly suited to the structure of small size and loading large or subject to fatigue loading parts， If we can bine The fetal membrane hammers and the swage block hammers， the Economic efficiency will obviously enhances， so Fing craft is the trend of development, we will disobey Fing principle and Fing structure technology capability if we can not understand Fing design, the result range from not fing the ponents to protracting the production cycle, increasing manufacturing difficulties and costing this Graduation Project, we can grasp the law of the manufacture of structural design and fing structure technology capability by analysising the structural design of a wide range of fing and the technology capability, also nimbly use the technique of manufacture, reasonably design the structural and the craft by grasping the law. Keywords:Free fing； Roll fing； Fing craft； The fetal membrane hammers； structural III 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................. I Abstract ................................................................ II 前 言 ................................................................. 1 第 1 章 緒論 .............................................................. 3 目前鍛件的應(yīng)用 ................................................... 3 目前國內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況和發(fā)展趨勢 ..................................... 4 第 2 章 鍛件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及工藝性分析 ........................................ 5 對鍛造零件結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性的要求 ....................................... 5 鍛件組織特點(diǎn) ..................................................... 5 鍛件的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性 ................................................. 5 自由鍛件的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性 ........................................ 5 模鍛件的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性 ......................................... 9 第 3 章 鍛件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)錯(cuò)誤示例及其改進(jìn) ................................... 12 模鍛件的分模位置問題 ............................................ 12 上下對稱鍛件的分模位置不應(yīng)選在上平面或下 平面 .............. 12 傾斜鍛件不宜采用折線分模 .................................. 13 左右對稱的鍛件，分模面不宜選在過度截面上 .................. 14 高度小于或者 等于臺(tái)階直徑的圓餅類鍛件，不宜軸向分模 ........ 15 頭部較大的軸類鍛件不宜直線分模 ............................ 16 模鍛件的模鍛斜度問題 ............................................ 17 模膛內(nèi)側(cè)不能與分模面垂直 .................................. 17 同一鍛件的內(nèi)模斜度不應(yīng)比外模斜度小 ........................ 18 同一鍛件上不宜出現(xiàn)多種模鍛斜度 ............................ 20 分模面 兩側(cè) 的模鍛斜度不能相互錯(cuò)開 .......................... 21 零件上過于復(fù)雜的部分不要鍛出，應(yīng)合理設(shè)計(jì)余塊 .................... 21 對于有凸緣的鍛件 .......................................... 22 對于有難成形的復(fù)雜形狀的鍛件 ............................... 23 對于零件相鄰臺(tái)階直徑相差不大的鍛件 ........................ 25 需增設(shè)定位塊的錘上模鍛件 ........................................ 26 IV 模鍛件連皮的問題 ................................................ 27 沖孔連皮不能太薄，也不宜太厚 .............................. 27 鍛件內(nèi)孔較大時(shí)，不宜用平底連皮 ............................ 28 鍛件上的小孔不宜鍛出連皮 , 只進(jìn)行壓凹 ...................... 29 對于法蘭較薄的鍛件，在鍛件兩側(cè)各增加一塊工藝凸臺(tái)敷料 ............ 31 合理確定鍛件的分合 .............................................. 32 單拐曲線兩件合鍛 .......................................... 32 軸套類零件兩件合鍛 ........................................ 33 復(fù)雜模鍛件的分鍛 .......................................... 34 有驟變橫截面模鍛件的分鍛 .................................. 35 合理確定鍛件的凸肩 .............................................. 36 凸肩與鍛件直徑相差不大時(shí)不宜鍛出凸肩 ...................... 36 高度過 小的凸肩不要鍛出 .................................... 37 自由鍛件結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力求簡單 .......................................... 38 自由鍛件應(yīng)盡量避免有錐形和斜度平面 ........................ 38 自由 鍛件應(yīng) 避 免 兩曲面或曲面與棱柱面交接 .................... 40 自由鍛件應(yīng)避免加強(qiáng)筋 ...................................... 41 自由鍛件不允許在基體上或在叉件內(nèi)側(cè)有凸臺(tái) .................. 42 大型鍛件臺(tái)階余面的重量不能忽視 ,鍛造設(shè)備不能選擇過大，也不能選擇太小 .................................................. 43 孔徑小于 30mm 的孔，不宜鍛出 .................................... 45 模鍛件應(yīng)盡可能直接模鍛成形 ..................................... 46 加大連接板的厚度 ............................................... 47 復(fù)雜鍛件應(yīng)成對稱形狀，可使模具和夾具通用 ....................... 48 合理 選擇鍛件上的倒圓半徑 ....................................... 49 不能忽視預(yù)鍛成型 ............................................... 50 平鍛機(jī)上終鍛成形時(shí)的沖孔芯料不能太薄 ........................... 51 合理安排毛刺、飛邊的 位置 ....................................... 52 第 4 章 結(jié)論 ............................................................. 54 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ............................................................. 55 致 謝 ................................................. 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。我國的機(jī)械制造產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量雖有較大的提高，然而與世界發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國家相比，在某些方面仍然存在產(chǎn)品性能差、壽命短、質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定等問題。機(jī)械零件制造結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)是把零件設(shè)計(jì)得最大限度地滿足制造條件，即根據(jù)零件的功能進(jìn)行理論設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算，并按照制造條件確定零件的結(jié)構(gòu)。 [2]產(chǎn)品的競爭力來源于嚴(yán)格的管理和降低成本。在功能相同的條件下，產(chǎn)品零件結(jié)構(gòu)有利于制造時(shí)降低成本的關(guān)鍵。它包含了鍛造和沖壓技術(shù)，以及與之相關(guān)的塑性變形技術(shù)。特別是機(jī)械、汽車制造業(yè)中是不可或缺的主要加工工藝。這種在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中綜合考慮制造、裝配工藝及維修等方面各種技術(shù)問題，稱為機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)工藝性，機(jī)器及其零部件的工藝性體現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中，所以又稱為結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)工藝性。鍛件是由坯料（型鋼或鋼錠）經(jīng)加熱后鍛造而成的坯件。 [3]鍛件