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Greec e H ungary I c el and I ndia I ndone s ia I ra n I reland I s r ael I t aly J apan Kaz a k hs t an Keny a Korea ( R epu blic o f ) Lat v ia Liby an Arab J am ahiriy a Lit huania Lux em bourg M alay s ia M alt a M ex ic o N et herland s N ew Z ealand N igeria N orw a y Pak i s t an Philippine s , R ep. o f Poland Port ugal Qat ar R om ania R us s ian F edera t io n Saudi Ar abia Serbia Singapore Slov ak ia Slov enia South Af ric a Spain Sri Lan k a Sw eden Sw it z erland T hailand T he F orm er Y ugosl av R ep. of M ac edonia T unis ia T urk ey U k raine U nit ed K ingdom U nit ed S t a t e s o f Am eric a Viet nam AM = Associate member IEC Membership – 72 members 13/02/2023 28 IEC in figures ? Members 72 National Committees ? 成員國(guó) 72個(gè)國(guó)家委員會(huì) ? Affiliate Country Programme 82 Participants ?接納國(guó)家計(jì)劃 82個(gè)參與國(guó) ? Technical mittees / Submittees 171 ?技術(shù)委員會(huì) /分技術(shù)委員會(huì) ? Working groups 413 ?工作組 ? Project teams 259 ?項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì) ? Maintenance teams 426 ?維護(hù)團(tuán)隊(duì) ? Total active projects as of 20231231 1378 ? 正在進(jìn)行的項(xiàng)目數(shù) ( 2023年 12月 31日) ? Development time for IEC publications 36 months ?IEC 出版物的開發(fā)時(shí)間 ? Publications (as of 20231231) 5 794 ?出版物數(shù)量 (截止 2023年 12月 31日) ? Publications issued in 2023 524 ?2023年出版物數(shù)量 ? Conformity Assessment Systems ?合格評(píng)定系統(tǒng) ? IECEE ?IEC電氣設(shè)備檢測(cè)和認(rèn)證體系 ? IECQ ?IEC電子元器件質(zhì)量評(píng)定委員 ? IECEx ?IEC防爆電氣產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證體系 13/02/2023 29 IEC Central Office IEC中央辦公室 ? Headquarters in Geneva ? 總部在日內(nèi)瓦 ? Approximately 85 multinational staff ? 大約 85個(gè)跨國(guó)工作人員 ? Regional offices ? 地區(qū)辦公室 ? Worcester, MA (near Boston), USA, 4 people ? 伍斯特,美國(guó), 4人 ? Singapore, 2,5 people ? 新加坡, ? Sao Paulo, 1 person ? 圣保羅, 1人 13/02/2023 30 Are trade barriers necessary? 貿(mào)易壁壘必要嗎? Sometimes they are TBTA: avoiding unnecessary 有時(shí)它們是技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議:避免不必要 (障礙 ) 13/02/2023 31 promotion of international standards 推 進(jìn) 國(guó) 際標(biāo) 準(zhǔn) allowing for regulatory autonomy to protect legitimate interests 允許管理自主權(quán) 以保 護(hù) 合法利益 avoidance of unnecessary obstacles to international trade 避免不必要的 國(guó) 際貿(mào) 易障礙 13/02/2023 32 TBT (technical barriers to trade) 技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘 SPS (sanitary and phytosanitary measures) 衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生措施 13/02/2023 33 ? And the basic disciplines? ? 基本原則? 13/02/2023 34 nondiscrimination 非歧視 13/02/2023 35 “unnecessary obstacle” 不必要的障礙 13/02/2023 36 Transparency 透明性 13/02/2023 37 = ≈ Standards and Harmonization 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)和 協(xié)調(diào) 一致 13/02/2023 38 Qualified obligation to use “as a basis for ...” 使用“作 為 … 基 礎(chǔ) ”資 格的 責(zé) 任 (exceptions, SDT) (例外,特殊差 別 待遇) Presumption (rebuttable) + link to necessity 假 設(shè) (可反 駁 )+ 必要性 鏈 接 Participate! 參加 !