bt作物的昆蟲抗藥性管理-展示頁(yè)
2025-01-05 20:37本頁(yè)面
【正文】 udes: – Mandatory reporting of suspected resistance – Use of alternate control measures in affected areas – Increased resistance monitoring – Suspension of Bt crop sales in affected areas – Investigation of cause of resistance ? 美國(guó)環(huán)保局措施包括 : – 強(qiáng)制要求對(duì)有懷疑的抗藥性表現(xiàn)上報(bào) – 在有影響區(qū)域使用其他管理措施 – 增強(qiáng)抗性監(jiān)測(cè) – 在被影響區(qū)域終止 Bt玉米銷售 – 對(duì)抗藥性原因進(jìn)行調(diào)查 24 Compliance assurance 確保規(guī)范性 Compliance measures implemented to ensure that growers ply with approved IRM program 規(guī)范操作可以確保種植者按照害蟲抗藥性管理規(guī)則執(zhí)行耕種操作 . 25 Compliance assurance: an example 確保規(guī)范性舉例 ? EPA requires registrants to implement the following measures: – Contracts affirming grower agreement to ply with approved IRM strategy – 3rd party grower surveys of IRM implementation – Onfarm field visits to verify IRM implementation – Tips and plaints on nonpliers – Suspension of seed access for nonpliers ? 美國(guó)環(huán)保局規(guī)定登記者必須實(shí)施以下方法 : – 合同規(guī)定種植者必須遵守 IRM策略 – 第三方對(duì) IRM執(zhí)行情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查 – 田間觀察以確定 IRM的執(zhí)行情況 – 揭發(fā)和投訴不遵守規(guī)則的種植者 – 對(duì)不遵守規(guī)則的種植者終止種子供應(yīng) 26 Grower education 種植者教育 Education about the need for IRM, how to implement requirements, and grower responsibility in plying with IRM requirements 對(duì) IRM策略的必要性 , 怎樣完成要求 , 和種植者對(duì)完成IRM要求所擔(dān)負(fù)的責(zé)任進(jìn)行教育 27 Summary of EPA’s IRM requirements for lepidopteranactive Bt corn 美國(guó)環(huán)保局對(duì)鱗翅目昆蟲敏感的 Bt玉米 IRM要求概述 ? 20% refuge in corn belt。 在以避難所為基礎(chǔ)的昆蟲抗性管理策略中，使用高劑量遺傳事件體要比低劑量遺傳事件體好 7 Dose assumptions 劑量假設(shè) ? Three genotypes for resistance/susceptibility (SS, rS, rr) ? Resistance (rr) is recessive and rare ? Refuge supplies SS (homozygous susceptible) genotype ? Random mating: – rr x SS → rS – rS x SS → rS or SS ? SS and rS susceptible to high dose ? 三種抗性 /敏感性基因型 (SS,rS,rr) ? 抗性基因 (rr)是隱性的 ,少見的 ? 安全基因型 SS(純合敏感 ) ? 隨機(jī)交配 : – rr x SS → rS – rS x SS → rS or SS ? SS和 rS對(duì)高劑量敏感 D o s eMortalitySSrSrrLC50 0 100 低 高 8 Dose levels: some examples 關(guān)于劑量水平的一些例子 ? Lepidopteranactive corn (Cry1Ab Cry1F): – High dose ? European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis ? Southwestern corn borer (SWCB) Diatraea crambidoides – Nonhigh dose ? Corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea ? 鱗翅目敏感玉米 (Cry1Ab Cry1F): – 高劑量 ? 歐洲玉米螟 (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis ? 西南玉米螟 (SWCB) Diatraea crambidoides – 非高劑量 ? 玉米棉鈴蟲 (CEW), Helicoverpa zea WCR female male late instars ECB 9 Dose levels: some examples 關(guān)于劑量水平的一些例子 ? Rootwormactive corn (Cry3Bb1, Cry34/35, mCry3A) – Nonhigh dose ? Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ? Northern corn rootworm (NCR), D. barberi ? Mexican corn rootworm (MCR), D. virgifera zea ? Secondary pests – Nonhigh dose for some pests ? 根蟲敏感玉米 (Cry3Bb1, Cry34/35, mCry3A) – 非高劑量 ? 西部玉米根蟲 (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ? 北部玉米根蟲 (NCR), D. barberi ? 墨西哥玉米根蟲 (MCR), D. virgifera zea ? 次級(jí)害蟲 – 非高劑量 WCR female male late instars ECB 10
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