【正文】 g, and construction. The number of workers in mining, manufacturing, and construction went down from 31 percent to 19 percent.While the number of people in these goods producing industries went down, the number of people in the service industries went up. As you may know, a service industry is one that provides a service, rather than goods or products. A few examples include transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, health care, and legal services. I161。175。175。175。175。175。175。175。175。177。176。177。176。175。175。175。175。 second, the unemployment caused by the Industrial Revolution。175。175。175。175。175。175。175。175。177。176。177。176。177。176。175。175。175。175。175。175。175。 and Florida, with 16 million。 New York, with 21 million。175。 a mixture of two or more races, percent。 Asian, 3 percent。s make sure your figures are right: OK, white, percent。. Let161。of some other race161。s take a look at the population by race and origin. The latest U. S. census reports that percent of the population is white, whereas percent is black. Three percent are of Asian origin, and 1 percent is Native American. percent of the population is a mixture of two or more races, and percent report themselves as 161。 and the third way is by the age and sex of the population.First of all, let161。s look at the total U. S. population figure of 281 million in three different ways. The first way is by race and origin。s get back to the United States. Let161。s Republic of China is the most populous country in the world. But do you know which is the second most populous? Well, if you thought India, you were right. The fourth, fifth, and sixth most populous countries are Indonesia, Brazil, and Pakistan. Now let161。re going to talk about population in the United States. According to the most recent government census, the population is 281,421,906 people. Now this represents an increase of almost 33 million people since the 1990 census. A population of over 281 million makes the United States the third most populous country in the whole world. As you probably know, the People161。Book 2 Chapter 1 The PopulationToday we161。175。175。175。175。 the second is by geographical distribution, or by where people live。175。176。177。175。 black, percent。 Native American, 1 percent。 and of some other race, percent. Hispanics, whose origins lie in Spanishspeaking countries, prise whites, blacks, and Native Americans, so they are already included in the above figures. It is important to note that Hispanics make up percent of the present . population, however. Finally, the census tells us that 31 million people in the United States were born in another country. Of the 31 million foreign born, the largest part, percent are from Mexico. The next largest group, from the Philippines, number percent.Another way of looking at the population is by geographical distribution. Do you have any idea which states are the five most populous in the United States? Well, I161。ll help you out there. The five most populous states, with population figures, are California, with almost 34 million。 Texas, with 19 million。 and Illinois with million people. Did you get all those figures down? Well, if not, I161。ll give you a chance later to check your figures. Well, then, let161。s move on. All told, over half, or some 58 percent of the population, lives in the South and in the West of the United States. This figure, 58 percent, is surprising to many people. It is surprising because the East is more densely populated. Nevertheless, there are more people all together in the South and West. To understand this seeming contradiction, one need only consider the relatively larger size of many southern and western states, so although there are more people, they are distributed over a larger area. To finish up this section on geographical distribution, consider that more than threequarters of the people live in metropolitan areas like Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Houston. That means that only 20 percent, or 2 out of 10 people, live in rural areas. An interesting side note is that some 3,800,000 . citizens live abroad, that is, in foreign countries.Before we finish today, I want to discuss the distribution of the . population in terms of age and sex. Just for interest, would you say there are more men or more women in the United States? Well, according to the 2000 census, there are more women. In fact, there are more than five million more women than men in the . population. If we consider that more males than females are born each year, how can this difference be explained? Well, for a variety of plicated reasons that we can161。t go into here, there is a progressively higher death rate for males as they get older. This is seen in 2003 life expectancy figures: the life expectancy for women is years whereas for men it is only years. I don161。t know how these life expectancy figures pare to those in your countries, but statistically women generally live longer than men worldwide. Now, to finish up, let161。s look at the average age of the whole population. Overall, the average age of the population is increasing: from years in 1990 to years in 2000. The average age has been slowly, but steadily, increasing over the past several decades. This trend toward a higher average age can be explained by a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancy for the population as a whole. Well, I161。d like to investigate these two subjects further, but I see our time is up, so we161。ll have to call it quits for today. You may want to pursue the topic of the aging . population further, so there are some suggestions at the end of the lesson to help you do so. Thank you.Chapter Two Immigration: Past and PresentThe act of immigrating, or ing to a new country to live, is certainly nothing new. Throughout history, people have immigrated, or moved to new countries, for many different reasons. Sometimes these reasons were economic or political. Other people moved because of natural disasters such as droughts or famines. And some people moved to escape religi