【正文】 述了兩種文化中關(guān)于問候語的相關(guān)理論，在層次、功能、根源等方面對問候語進(jìn)行研究。這種差異在跨文化交際中很容易引起誤解。在商務(wù)英語的日常交際中，適當(dāng)?shù)膯柡蚺e止是建立和維持人與人之間關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵。 crosscultural munication 【摘 要】語言是人們進(jìn)行交流的媒介。 Chinese。英漢問候語對比研究AbstractLanguage is the medium for human munication. Greeting, as a ponent of language, plays a most important role in the munication. It is one kind of speech act that frequently occurs in everyday life. Greetings are words used to start an everyday municative interaction or acknowledge of the presence of other. Therefore, proper greeting behavior is crucial for the foundation and maintenance of interpersonal relationships. However, since China is totally different from the Western countries both in its history and its culture, it is undoubtedly that greeting, which is closely related to its culture, will be quite different from that in the Western countries. Misusing the greeting may easily lead to misunderstanding in the intercultural munication. Therefore, to acknowledge the differences existing in the greeting is the first step to achieve mutual understanding and respect. This paper, with some related theories presented, aims at making a contrastive study of greetings in English and in China. Some researches are also done with the greeting on its level, its functions and the elements influencing it. Key Words：Greeting。 English。 cultural differences。問候語是語言的一個(gè)組成部分，也是社交禮儀的重要部分； 它是日常生活中頻繁使用的言語行為之一，具有建立和延續(xù)各種人際關(guān)系的作用。然而，由于中國的歷史背景和文化背景與西方國家有著相當(dāng)大的差異，存在于文化之中的問候語也隨之有著相當(dāng)大的差異。因此，為促進(jìn)不同語言和文化背景下人們的相互溝通，有必要深入了解中西文化中問候語的差異?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】問候語；英語；漢語；文化差異；跨文化交際1. IntroductionWith the development of society and culture, munications between people bee more and more important. When China implemented its reform and opening up policy, especially after China entered WTO, munication with other countries has bee more important. However, people in different countries hold different beliefs and values, which result in misunderstanding. In order to avoid the embarrassment, we should know the crosscultural munication greeting. Second, the study of greetings helps to develop a situational approach towards the study of crosscultural munication. Generally speaking, greeting is a routinized situational frame transmitted in a given social cultural munity. Like many other frames such as apologizing, plimenting, etc., greeting is one of the cultural blocks, which varies crossculturally. A systematic study of greeting with sociocultural factors taken into account will tend to better understand the structure of a certain society and culture. Third, a contrastive study of greeting can help people to enhance their crosscultural awareness. With the development of society and culture, especially the development of globalization, chances are that cultural clashes will inevitably arise between people with different cultural backgrounds. As a result, an urgent task confronted by people is to enhance people crosscultural awareness for the purpose of avoiding or overing cultural clashes in crosscultural munications. Since greetings occur among people all over the world, it appears to be an excellent unit of social behavior to study if one intends to make a contrastive study on what is universal, what is traditional, and what is distinctive in crosscultural munications. A better understanding of cultural differences in greetings will surely boost the maintenance and improvement of human relations in crosscultural munications.2. Varieties of Chinese and English greetingsGreeting expressions are abundant in English and Chinese. They can be classified in various ways. Greetings classified according to timeGreetings in both languages seem to vary with time: some greetings can be used for any day or at any time of the day whereas others cannot. They can be divided into the following subcategories: (1) Alltime greetings, (1) Formal greetings (2) Informal greetingsFormal greetings are those used on important occasions where maximum attention needs to be paid to speech and where speakers must be very polite. For example: How do you do? 您好！Informal greetings are those used in conversations to create a relaxed language environment. For example: Hello! 你好！3. Differences in Chinese and English greetings Difference in contents“Although one talks of culture in discrete terms, the fact is that there are cultural similarities which also minimize the potential problems of intercultural munication. Overlap in culture makes it possible for us to talk Western culture as opposed to African or Oriental culture. Within Western culture, one can proceed to further differentiate into European, English, German, French culture, etc. It is precise in those cases where the widest cultural divergence exists that greatest care needs to be taken to avoid conflict and breakdown in munication.”“In Chinese culture, four specific sentences occur more frequently among people based on where and when they meet. They are 你好! (How do you do?), 今天你忙嗎? (Are you busy today?) 你去哪兒?(Where are you going?) 吃了嗎?(Have you eaten yet?) Response to “你好” is its repetition “你好”. However, responses to the other greetings are normally answers on the basis of the real circumstance or position the addressee is in at the moment he/she is greeted.” 你好!(How do you do?) is often used as a greeting among people who do not know each other or know one another but not very well, especially in the normal situation, for example,A teacher in languages department meets a teacher in history department on their way to work. A: 你好!(How do you do?) B: 你好!(How do you do?)(Very busy/ Not very busy.)你去哪兒? (Where are you going?) is used as a greeting when two acquaintances meet on the street at any time of the day, for example,Two acquaintances meet on the street.A:劉老師,你去哪兒? (Mr. Liu, where are you going?)B:我去學(xué)校。(Not yet.)Although there are many ways to express greeting, they have one point in mon, that is, the ad