【正文】 在西方國(guó)家，電能質(zhì)量問(wèn)題早已被當(dāng)作電力系統(tǒng)面臨的重要問(wèn)題，各國(guó)均在加強(qiáng)電能質(zhì)量問(wèn)題的研究。我國(guó)電能質(zhì)量檢測(cè)還處于初級(jí)階段，我國(guó)的質(zhì)量檢測(cè)的研究方向主要以下幾點(diǎn)：供電電壓允許偏差公用電網(wǎng)諧波三相電壓允許的不平衡電力系統(tǒng)頻率允許偏差暫態(tài)過(guò)電壓和瞬態(tài)過(guò)電壓國(guó)內(nèi)目前生產(chǎn)電能質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)儀水平較高的廠家有深圳領(lǐng)步科技有限公司、上海寶鋼安大電能質(zhì)量有限公司、安徽振興科技股份有限公司、保定方長(zhǎng)電子有限公司、保定國(guó)電中科電氣有限公司等。 電能質(zhì)量研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的電力緊張，我國(guó)的電力供應(yīng)一直比較緊張，人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)主要在電力供應(yīng)量上，通常只對(duì)電壓與頻率兩個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。并于 2005 年發(fā)布了《電能質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備通用要求》。歐洲共同體也頒布了一個(gè)電能質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《公用配電系統(tǒng)供電電壓特性》，作為歐洲共同市場(chǎng)對(duì)中低壓電能質(zhì)量的統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。IEEE 制定了 IEEE519 電能系統(tǒng)諧波控制規(guī)范和要求，IEEE1159 電能質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)推薦規(guī)范。，保障各行各業(yè)的正常用電秩序，為千家萬(wàn)戶提供安全可靠的電能。、用電效益和改善電氣環(huán)境，以及工業(yè)生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的技術(shù)保證。從市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的商品質(zhì)量這個(gè)普遍意義講，了解電能質(zhì)量，改善電能質(zhì)量是必不可少的。另一方面，各種復(fù)雜的、精密的、對(duì)電能質(zhì)量敏感的用電設(shè)備不斷普及，使得對(duì)電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量及其可靠性的要求越來(lái)越高。3. 當(dāng)代電力系統(tǒng)與計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)的結(jié)合更加緊密，采用高新技術(shù)以提高電力傳輸能力和實(shí)現(xiàn)配電自動(dòng)化的趨勢(shì)方興未艾。與此同時(shí)，現(xiàn)代電網(wǎng)與負(fù)荷構(gòu)成出現(xiàn)了新的變化趨勢(shì)，主要表現(xiàn)在[5]： 1. 電力系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)張與聯(lián)網(wǎng)逐漸形成，系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的安全穩(wěn)定性和可靠性要求不斷提高。這種電能質(zhì)量的下降會(huì)給電力系統(tǒng)和用電設(shè)備帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的危害。最后，就本系統(tǒng)在研究中存在的不足和需要完善的地方做了總結(jié)，指出課題的進(jìn)一步研究工作。該測(cè)試系統(tǒng)具有擴(kuò)展性和復(fù)用性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)，可以顯著提高電能質(zhì)量測(cè)試的自動(dòng)化程度。其次，論文介紹了電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)測(cè)量原理，對(duì)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)及檢測(cè)作了詳細(xì)的闡述。該系統(tǒng)能夠準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)出電網(wǎng)頻率、頻率偏差、電壓偏差、三相不平衡度、電壓波動(dòng)、電網(wǎng)諧波等電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)分析，將分析結(jié)果實(shí)時(shí)的顯示出來(lái)。虛擬儀器是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與測(cè)試測(cè)量?jī)x器技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，具有硬件結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、可自定義儀器功能、數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析功能強(qiáng)大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，同時(shí)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)歷史數(shù)據(jù)管理和圖形化顯示等功能。 摘要摘要 傳統(tǒng)的電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)以硬件為核心，功能單一、成本高，已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足日益復(fù)雜的、多參數(shù)的測(cè)試要求。近年來(lái)，隨著電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，新的測(cè)試?yán)碚摵头椒?、新的儀器結(jié)構(gòu)不斷出現(xiàn)，測(cè)量?jī)x器的功能和使用發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化,其中最顯著的一點(diǎn)就是虛擬儀器的出現(xiàn)與發(fā)展。 因此，本論文通過(guò)分析國(guó)內(nèi)外電能質(zhì)量測(cè)試裝置的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，針對(duì)目前電能質(zhì)量測(cè)試過(guò)程中所遇到的問(wèn)題，研究開發(fā)出一種基于虛擬儀器的穩(wěn)態(tài)電能質(zhì)量分析與檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。論文首先簡(jiǎn)要地介紹了虛擬儀器的概念及構(gòu)成，針對(duì)電能質(zhì)量檢測(cè)的研究現(xiàn)狀，論述了將虛擬儀器技術(shù)應(yīng)用于電能質(zhì)量檢測(cè)的必要性，介紹了系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)。軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)方面，首先對(duì)虛擬儀器開發(fā)平臺(tái) Labview 及其編程語(yǔ)言作了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，然后詳細(xì)論述了軟件總體結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)測(cè)量的各個(gè)模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)作了詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明，并對(duì)電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)的測(cè)量的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。因此,使用虛擬儀器進(jìn)行研究、設(shè)計(jì)、測(cè)試將成為電力系統(tǒng)測(cè)試領(lǐng)域的一種趨勢(shì)。關(guān)鍵詞：虛擬儀器，Labview,電能質(zhì)量，電壓波動(dòng)，三相不平衡度，諧波Abstract The traditional Power parameters measuring system mainly based on hardware is singlefunction and highbudget, so it is unsuitable gradually for plicated and multiparameter test. Recent years, with rapid progress of electronic technology and puter technology, new testing theory and method, new instrument structure is appearing. Function and application of measuring instruments has changed a lot. One marked characteristic is appearance and development of Virtual Instrument with the advantage of simple hardware structure, userdefined, powerful data processing and analysis function. Besides, Virtual Instrument can achieve the function of history data management and graphical representation. Therefore, by analyzing the status of power quality testing set home and abroad, in connection with the problems being filled across during testing of power quality, a power quality testing system based on Virtual Instrument is studied and exploited in this thesis. The testing system can measure power quality parameter, such as frequency, frequency deviation, voltage deviation, and threephase degree of unbalance, voltage hunting and harmonic. These parameters also can be analyzed realtime and be displayed in real time. Firstly，basic conception and structure development of Virtual Instrument are introduced generally，with study state of Virtual Instrument and power quality testing, the necessity that makes Virtual Instrument technology apply to power quality testing is exposited. Then, gross structures of the testing system are introduced. Secondly, the measurement principle of power quality parameters are introduced, the detection system design and testing were described in detail. In software part, development platform Labview and programming language are introduced, discussed total software structure, the measurement of power quality parameters of each module are detailed instructions on implementation, and performs analysis of power quality parameters measurement results.This testing system has many characteristics, such as good expansibility, strong reusability, and it can dramatically improve the automation of power quality testing. For this reason, it will be a trend that using Virtual Instrument to studying, designing and testing in test area of power system. At last, the shortage and some aspects needed improving of the system are given. The outlook of future research is put forward, too.Key words：Virtual instrument, Laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench, Power quality，Voltage fluctuation, threephase unbalance, harmonic 緒論目錄 1 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展 2 電能質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2 電能質(zhì)量研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展 3 虛擬儀器概述 4 虛擬儀器技術(shù)用于電能質(zhì)量測(cè)試的必要性 6 62 測(cè)量原理及系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì) 8 電能質(zhì)量基本概念 8 8 電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)測(cè)量原理 9 9 三相不平衡度 10 12 電壓波動(dòng) 14 14 15 17 電壓電流傳感器 17 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡 18 19 虛擬儀器開發(fā)工具Labview介紹 19 20 電能質(zhì)量測(cè)量模塊 21 2