【正文】 t/ colossal151smalltiny/ miniscule（后面一般跟抽象名詞）152have many different abilitiesbe versatile/ be wellrounded153be familiar withbe wellacquainted with154very successful/ admirableDistinguished155properAppropriate 156typicalquintessential （這個語氣非常強(qiáng)）157exactprecise/ ≈ accurate158uglyUnsightly159poorqualitysubstandard (housing/ acmodation/ work/ goods/ machines)160the present…the current…/ the existing…（比如the current financial crisis/ the existing environmental problems)161outdatedantiquated/ obsolete162highlyrespectedEsteemed163plete(adj.)/ wholeEntire164spend a lot of moneylead an extravagant/ a lavish life165openenlightened/ progressive （開明的，逐步的，經(jīng)常用來形容government 或者society）166sth. must be carried outsth. is pulsory/ sth. is mandatory167with long historytimehonored（后面經(jīng)常跟抽象名詞，比如tradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）168continuing foreverPerpetual169importantsignificant essential vital(這三個詞的重要性依次遞增)170very attractivevery appealing/ fascinating/ captivating171very carefulCautious172be very interested inbe absorbed in/ be engrossed in173be qualified forbe eligible for174disappointingFrustrating175wrongErroneous176long and a bit annoyingLengthy177very difficultdaunting/ formidable178being spread in uncontrolled wayrampant （后面經(jīng)常跟負(fù)面現(xiàn)象，比如crime, pollution 或者discrimination）179cruel≈ inhumane/ merciless180fatoverweight/ obese（后面這個已經(jīng)胖出病了）181having wrong opinionsskewed/ biased （這兩個詞一般在IELTS媒體類話題使用，表示“有偏見的”）182including many thingsprehensive （綜合的，全面的）183enoughadequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant（注意這四個詞的語氣是逐漸遞增的)184too muchExcessive185very littleminimal （注意不是minimum）186cause bad effectscounterproductive （其實地道英文寫作里這個詞不見得和生產(chǎn)有關(guān)，只要阻止人們達(dá)到目的，都可以寫它counterproductive)187strictstringent （后面一般跟laws, measures或者rules）188urgentpressing (problems)189quiettranquil and serene （美語中這兩個詞經(jīng)?？梢赃B在一起用）動詞190make sth. strongstrengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.191make sth. weakweaken/ erode （侵蝕）192make sth. betterenhance/ better（很少看到國內(nèi)考生用better當(dāng)動詞，其實在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中better ）193make sth. worseaggravate/ exacerbate sth.194control…(a negative trend)curb…(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)195stopCease196manage sth.≈ regulate sth./oversee sth.197appearemerge/ arise （后者的主語一般是抽象概念，比如debate）198die outgo extinct199fail to seeneglect/ overlook200set…freerelease (prisoners/ stress)201beginmence/ initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict)202narrow/ bridge the gap between A and B(注意這里bridge作動詞）[反義] widen the gap between A and B203be forced to do sth.be pelled to do sth.204keep plaining about sth.grumble about sth.205try hard to do sth.≈pursue sth.(one39。s career）tarnish （后面跟one39。其實主體段論證中完全可以把廣告類細(xì)化，比如mercials（電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的廣告），flyers（傳單廣告，北京最常見的形式就是“135****，辦證”），billboards（大幅的廣告牌）或者nonprofit advertisements=publicinterest advertisements （公益廣告）8carAutomobile9economic crisiseconomic meltdown（很接近）/recession（這個一般僅僅還是衰退）/the Great Depression（這個則是特指1929年開始的那次了）10famous peoplecelebrities （單數(shù)為celebrity）11human beings（備考生使用過多）humanity（注意這個詞的單數(shù)指人類，復(fù)數(shù)指人文學(xué)科）/the human race12wealthfortune(s) （fortune作財富的意思時可以加復(fù)數(shù)）13[相關(guān)] richwealthy/ affluent (adj.)14skill≈technique(注意這個詞的正確解釋是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)15[派生] skilledadept/ adroit (adj.)16methodmethodology (國外學(xué)術(shù)寫作中超級常用的詞，基本就是method的故作高深版）17fieldsphere/ domain/ arena18understanding of≈ grasp of/ mand of19choiceOption20cooperation≈collaboration21basic structure in a city or a countryInfrastructure 22tiredness for a long timeFatigue23is a must ofis a prerequisite for （是……的必備先決條件）24the Internet≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十幾次是常事兒)25honesty≈integrity26strong belieffaith (in)27aimIntention28worriesanxieties (是的，這兩個詞的確都可以加復(fù)數(shù)）29influenceimpact/ repercussion/ implication30influence on each othermutual influence（類似的表達(dá)還有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/