【正文】 ................10 概述 ...............................................................................................................10 傳感器及其測(cè)量系統(tǒng) ...................................................................................10 霍爾傳感器的測(cè)量原理 .........................................................................11 集成開(kāi)關(guān)型霍爾傳感器 .........................................................................12 單片機(jī)的原理及應(yīng)用 ...................................................................................13 單片機(jī)原理簡(jiǎn)介 .....................................................................................13 單片機(jī)的引腳功能介紹 .........................................................................15 單片機(jī)中斷系統(tǒng)介紹 .............................................................................18 單片機(jī)定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)功能介紹 ...................................................................20 其他元器件的選擇 .......................................................................................21 存儲(chǔ)器的選擇 .........................................................................................21 觸發(fā)器的選擇 ........................................................................................22 74LS244 芯片的介紹 .............................................................................24 單片機(jī)外圍電路的設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................24 時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................24 復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................26 顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................27 本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................................29IV第四章 軟件程序設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................30 總體論述 .......................................................................................................30 總體程序設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................30 中斷子程序的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................33 數(shù)據(jù)處理子程序的設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................34 顯示子程序的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................35第五章 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試與分析 .................................................................................38 系統(tǒng)仿真調(diào)試 ...............................................................................................38 調(diào)試故障及原因分析 ...................................................................................39 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) .......................................................................................................41 改進(jìn)與創(chuàng)新 ...................................................................................................41致 謝 ............................................................................................................43參考文獻(xiàn) .........................................................................................................45附 錄 ..............................................................................................................471第一章 緒 論 課題簡(jiǎn)介自行車被發(fā)明及使用到現(xiàn)在已有兩百多年的歷史，這兩百年間人類在不斷的嘗試與研發(fā)過(guò)程中，將玩具式的木馬車轉(zhuǎn)換到今日各式新穎休閑運(yùn)動(dòng)自行車，自行車發(fā)展的目的也從最早的交通代步的工具轉(zhuǎn)換成休閑娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的用途。 Hall element。關(guān)鍵詞：里程/速度；霍爾元件；單片機(jī)； LED 顯示IIABSTRACTWith the developing of people’s life, the bicycle is not only the universal tool of transportation and substitute for walking, but bees the first choice of entertainment and exercising. The bicycle mileage/speed can fulfill the basic need of people’s life, so that they can learn the speed and the mileage of the bicycle. In this paper, the bicycle mileage/speed design based on the Hall element is elaborated. By AT89C52 as kernel, using A44E Hall element to measure revolution, the measure and statistic are achieved. The range information is saved by 24C02 when the power is off, the bicycle speed can be displayed on LED. In this article, the hardware circuit and software design of bicycle mileage/speed instrument are introduced in detail. About the hardware, the pulse number is transmitted of one cycle of the bicycle into Single Chip Microputer system. Then the signal processed by Single Chip Microputer system is sent to display scream. About the software, in assemble language。軟件部分用匯編語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行編程，采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)思想。文章詳細(xì)介紹了自行車的速度里程表的硬件電路和軟件設(shè)計(jì)。本論文主要闡述一種基于霍爾元件的自行車的速度里程表的設(shè)計(jì)。I摘 要隨著居民生活水平的不斷提高，自行車不再僅僅是普通的運(yùn)輸、代步的工具，而是成為人們娛樂(lè)、休閑、鍛煉的首選。自行車的速度里程表能夠滿足人們最基本的需求，讓人們能清楚地知道當(dāng)前的速度、里程等物理量。以 AT89C52 單片機(jī)為核心，A44E 霍爾傳感器測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)自行車?yán)锍?速度的測(cè)量統(tǒng)計(jì)，采用 24C02 實(shí)現(xiàn)在系統(tǒng)掉電的時(shí)候保存里程信息，并能將自行車的里程數(shù)及速度用 LED 實(shí)時(shí)顯示。硬件部分利用霍爾元件將自行車每轉(zhuǎn)一圈的脈沖數(shù)傳入單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)，然后單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)將信號(hào)經(jīng)過(guò)處理送顯示。該系統(tǒng)硬件電路簡(jiǎn)單，子程序具有通用性，完全符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。 the program is designed in the mode of modules. The system has simple hardware, mon subprogram, and meets the demand of design.KEY WORDS: Mileage / speed。 Single chip microputer。隨著居民生活水平的不斷提高，自行車不再僅僅是普通的運(yùn)輸、代步的工具，而是成為人們娛樂(lè)、休閑、鍛煉的首選。自行車?yán)锍趟俣缺碜鳛樽孕熊嚨囊淮筝o助工具也正是隨著這個(gè)要求而迅速發(fā)展的，其功能也逐漸從單一的里程顯示發(fā)展到速度、時(shí)間顯示，甚至有的還具有測(cè)量騎車人的心跳、顯示騎車人熱量消耗等功能。 單片機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)現(xiàn)在可以說(shuō)單片機(jī)是百花齊放，百家爭(zhēng)鳴的時(shí)期，世界上各大芯片制造公司都推出了自己的單片機(jī)，從 8 位、16 位到 32 位，數(shù)不勝數(shù)，應(yīng)有盡有，有與主流 C51 系列兼容的，也有不兼容的，但它們各具特色，互成互補(bǔ)，為單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用提供廣闊的天地。象 80C51 就采用了 HMOS(即高密度金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體工藝)和CHMOS(互補(bǔ)高密度金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體工藝)。所以這種工藝將是