【正文】
協(xié)助臨床診斷疾病(如肝膿腫、腫瘤、膽結(jié)石等)和探測(cè)胎兒等。超聲波在介質(zhì)(固體、液體、氣體)中傳播時(shí),利用不同介質(zhì)的不同聲學(xué)特性對(duì)超聲波傳播的影響來(lái)探查物體和進(jìn)行測(cè)量的技術(shù)稱為超聲檢測(cè)。超聲波具有方向性集中、振幅小、加速度大等特點(diǎn),可產(chǎn)生較大力量,并且在不同的媒質(zhì)介面?zhèn)鞑?,超聲波的大部分能量?huì)反射。超聲波是一種頻率超過(guò) 20kHz 的機(jī)械波。 超聲波檢測(cè)簡(jiǎn)介超聲波測(cè)量在國(guó)防、航空航天、電力、石化、機(jī)械、材料等眾多領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的作用,它不但可以保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、保障安全,還可起到節(jié)約能源、降低成本的作用。超聲波為直線傳播方式,頻率越高,繞射能力越弱,但反射能力越強(qiáng),為此,利用超聲波的這種性質(zhì)就可制成超聲波傳感器。當(dāng)超聲波從固體傳播到液體(或反過(guò)來(lái)) 時(shí),聲波因?yàn)閭鞑サ慕橘|(zhì)密度相近而幾乎全部折射;當(dāng)超聲波從氣體傳播到固體或液體時(shí),由于兩種介質(zhì)密度相差懸殊,聲波幾乎全部被反射,超聲波測(cè)距儀充分利用了這一特性。這是所有超聲儀表進(jìn)行測(cè)量的基礎(chǔ)。人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)聲音的頻率為20Hz~20kHz,即為可聽(tīng)聲波,超出此頻率范圍的聲音,即 20Hz 以下的聲音稱為次聲波,20kHz 以上的聲音稱為超聲波。與傳統(tǒng)超聲技術(shù)完全不同,新的超聲技術(shù)具有以下特點(diǎn):在不破壞媒質(zhì)特性的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)非接觸性測(cè)量,環(huán)境適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng),可實(shí)現(xiàn)在線測(cè)量。超聲檢測(cè)技術(shù)是利用超聲波在媒質(zhì)中的傳播特性(聲速、衰減、反射、聲阻抗等)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)非聲學(xué)量(如密度、濃度、強(qiáng)度、彈性、硬度、粘度、溫度、流速、流量、液位、厚度、缺陷等)的測(cè)定。超聲技術(shù)是通過(guò)超聲波產(chǎn)生、傳播及接收的物理過(guò)程而完成的。近二、三十年,特別是近十年來(lái),由于電子技術(shù)及壓電陶瓷材料的發(fā)展,使超聲檢測(cè)技術(shù)得到了迅速的發(fā)展。 Processor Ultrasonic 。針對(duì)測(cè)距系統(tǒng)發(fā)射、接收、檢測(cè)、顯示部分的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案做了論證,給出了系統(tǒng)的硬件原理圖和軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)框圖。由此提出了系統(tǒng)的總體構(gòu)成。該系統(tǒng)以空氣中超聲波的傳播速度為確定條件,利用反射超聲波測(cè)量待測(cè)距離。超聲檢測(cè)技術(shù)是利用超聲波在媒質(zhì)中的傳播特性(聲速、衰減、反射、聲阻抗等)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)非聲學(xué)量(如密度、濃度、強(qiáng)度、彈性、硬度、粘度、溫度、流速、流量、液位、厚度、缺陷等)的測(cè)定。摘 要近二、三十年,特別是近十年來(lái),由于電子技術(shù)及壓電陶瓷材料的發(fā)展,使超聲檢測(cè)技術(shù)得到了迅速的發(fā)展。超聲波具有聚束、定向及反射、透射等特性。本文詳細(xì)介紹了一種基于單片機(jī)的超聲波測(cè)距儀。在介紹了單片機(jī)性能和特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了超聲波測(cè)距的發(fā)展及基本原理,介紹了傳感器的原理及特性。然后簡(jiǎn)要介紹了利用Atmega8單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)距儀的原理:單片機(jī)發(fā)出的超聲波,通過(guò)換能器發(fā)射出去,遇到被測(cè)物體后反射回來(lái),計(jì)算此超聲波從發(fā)射出到接受的時(shí)間差從而得出被測(cè)物體到測(cè)距儀的距離。關(guān)鍵詞單片機(jī); 超聲波; 測(cè)距; AT89S51; CX20226AAbstractPast 20 or 30 years, especially the past 10 years, as electronic technology and the development of piezoelectric ceramic materials, ultrasonic testing technology for fast development. Ultrasonic a buncher, orientation and reflection, transmission, and other properties. Ultrasonic detection technology is used in ultrasonic propagation in the medium (velocity, attenuation, reflections, acoustic impedance, etc.) to achieve the volume of nonacoustic (such as density, concentration, strength, flexibility, hardness, viscosity, temperature, flow rate, flow , level, thickness, defects, etc.) were thesis introduces a kind of singlepulsereflection ultrasonic distance meter system in detail based on single chip processor. The system could measure certain distance on the premise that the speed of reflected wave in the air is fixed. Based on the study of single chip processor, this paper summarizes the development and fundamental principle of ultrasonic detection. Then it presents the theory and characters of ultrasonic sensor. Moreover, it proposes the whole structure of the system by introducing the function of ultrasonic distance meter. Then this paper introduces the principle of distance 一measuring 一 device which is designed with the single chip Processor of 51series. This principle is based on the ultrasonic measure which is calculated by the time used by ultrasonic traveling from the target. And then the transmission, receiver, detection, display scheme of this distance meter system are brought out. This paper presents the design of the Circuit and debug of the ultrasonic distance sensor.Key wordsSingleChip。 Distance Measurement; AT89S51; CX20226A目錄摘 要 ....................................................................IAbstract .................................................................II1 緒 論 .................................................................1 超聲波簡(jiǎn)介 .........................................................1 超聲波檢測(cè)簡(jiǎn)介 ......................................................2 單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................3 課題背景 ...........................................................42 超聲波測(cè)距儀的總體構(gòu)想 .................................................6 超聲波測(cè)距的原理 ..................................................6 常見(jiàn)的測(cè)距法 ......................................................6 超聲波傳感器 ......................................................7 超聲波傳感器的原理及結(jié)構(gòu) ...................................7 超聲波傳感器的特性 .........................................9 系統(tǒng)主要參數(shù)的確定 ...............................................10 測(cè)距儀的工作頻率 .........................