【正文】 段：定值開關(guān)控制；PID控制；智能控制。電阻爐被廣泛應(yīng)用在冶金、機(jī)械、石油化工、電力等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，在很多生產(chǎn)過程中，溫度的測(cè)量和控制與生產(chǎn)安全、生產(chǎn)效率、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、能源節(jié)約等重大技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)緊緊相連。電阻爐的主要參數(shù)有額定電壓、額定功率、額定溫度、工作空間尺寸。它的特點(diǎn)：①電路簡(jiǎn)單； ②對(duì)爐料種類的限制少；（小型電阻爐可以加熱食品、干燥木材等）；③爐溫控制精度高；④容易實(shí)現(xiàn)在真空或控制氣氛中加熱等特點(diǎn)。隨著溫度控制器應(yīng)用范圍的日益廣泛和多樣，各種適用于不同場(chǎng)合的智能溫度控制器應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。針對(duì)這種實(shí)際情況，設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)溫度控制系統(tǒng)，具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景與實(shí)際意義。 SCM。關(guān)鍵詞：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)；溫度；電阻爐； PID控制湖南科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)IIRes is tance Furnace Temperature Control Sys temBased on Single chip ComputerAbstract The resistance furnace is using the electric current through the resistance body heat generation to heating or melting of a class of materials electric stove. The resistance furnace in chemical industry, metallurgy industry, etc, so the temperature control is widely used in industrial production and scientific research of to have the important meaning. Resistance furnace, the furnace, the electric control system and auxiliary systems. Furnace shell, heater, by furnace lining (including insulation screen) and etc. Electrical control system including electronic circuits, microputer control, the instrument shows and electrical parts, etc. Auxiliary system usually refers to the transmission system, vacuum system, cooling system, etc, with the difference of the boiler.This design USES the single chip microputer as the data processing and the control unit, the thermocouples used as measuring element, with solid state relay as the output control elements to achieve resistance furnace temperature automatic control. Singlechip microputer control of the temperature sensor, K thermocouple temperature signal through the A/D converter collection to the chip. The singlechip microputer data processing, PID operation, a control information change executive module form, and the display value, in LED display PV, set data SV. This design through the 4 buttons for humanputer interaction and LED display, and the resistance furnace temperature remains in the requirements range.Key words：The resistance furnace。單片機(jī)經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)處理、 PID 運(yùn)算，發(fā)出控制信息改變執(zhí)行模塊的狀態(tài)，同時(shí)用 LED 顯示顯示值 PV、設(shè)定值 SV。本設(shè)計(jì)采用單片機(jī)作為數(shù)據(jù)處理與控制單元，用熱電偶作為測(cè)量元件，用固態(tài)繼電器作為輸出控制元件來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電阻爐溫度自動(dòng)控制。電氣控制系統(tǒng)包括電子線路、微機(jī)控制、儀表顯示及電氣部件等。電阻爐由爐體、電氣控制系統(tǒng)和輔助系統(tǒng)組成。湖 南 科 技 大 學(xué)瀟湘學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目作者學(xué)院專業(yè)學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師二〇〇 年 月 日湖南科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)I基于單片機(jī)的電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)摘 要電阻爐是利用電流通過電阻體產(chǎn)生的熱量來加熱或熔化物料的一類電爐。電阻爐在化工、冶金等行業(yè)應(yīng)用廣泛，因此溫度控制在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)研究中具有重要意義。爐體由爐殼、加熱器、爐襯（包括隔熱屏）等部件組成。輔助系統(tǒng)通常指?jìng)鲃?dòng)系統(tǒng)、真空系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)等，隨爐種的不同而已。單片機(jī)控制 K 型熱電偶溫度傳感器，把溫度信號(hào)通過 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器采集到單片機(jī)里。本設(shè)計(jì)通過 4 個(gè)按鍵來進(jìn)行人機(jī)交互和 LED 顯示 ，進(jìn)而使電阻爐的溫度始終保持在要求范圍內(nèi)。 Temperature。 PID control湖南科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)III目錄摘 要 ...............................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................II第一章 緒論 ....................................................................................................................................1 溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的背景、發(fā)展歷史及意義 .................................................................................................1第二章 系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì)與論證 ................................................................................................2 溫度控制系統(tǒng)的目的和功能 .............................................................................................................................2 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 .............................................................................................................................................................2第三章 電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................4 最小系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 .............................................................................................................................................4 單片機(jī) ...........................................................................................................................................................4 單片機(jī)的主控單元 .......................................................................................................................................5 復(fù)位電路 .......................................................................................................................................................7 時(shí)鐘電路 .......................................................................................................................................................8 溫度采集與傳感器 ..............................................................................................................................................9 放大電路 .....................................................................................................................................................11 溫度傳感器的選擇 .....................................................................................................................................12 數(shù)字 PID 算法 ............................................................................................................................................17 按鍵 .............................................................................................................................................................19 報(bào)警單元 .....................................................................................................................................................25 輸出控制單元 .............................................................................................................................................25第四章 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................................................................27 設(shè)計(jì)思路 ............................................................................................................................................................27 采樣程序 .....................................................................................................................................................29 顯示子程序 ........................