【正文】 d wastes。53.52.51.50.49.48.47.46.45.44.expand: “擴大”，后面接影響，范圍一類的詞匯。42. excessively，比如tap“開發(fā)”，就可以說tap something excessively。 excessive: “過度的”，這個詞在表達消極概念時都可以做修飾語，副詞形式39. when the situation is reversed: “相反”，用來替代on the contrary。38.enforce: “執(zhí)行”法律法規(guī)，通常用于作文結束部分，對某個社會問題提出解決辦法時使用。36.35.emerge as: “逐漸崛起并成為”，這個詞組雖然很短，但是含義非常復雜，可以用在文章的開頭，表達某種事物或社會現象從無到有，并迅速傳播。34.33.這三個單詞一般都用在消極的單詞上。drop: “下降”，用來替代decrease。32. discard / abandon: “放棄，拋棄”，用于表達放棄消極想法或做法。devise: “設計，指定”，后面可以接表示方法手段的內容。29.28.demonstrate / illustrate: “說明，表明”，用在圖表作文中替代show，reveal等單詞。26.decline: “衰退”，表示數字下降得比較緩慢，在圖表作文中根據圖表曲線的實際情況使用，替代我們使用的普通單詞decrease。24.currently: “目前”，用來替代now，nowadays。22.copy / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鑒別人的經驗，成功經驗”。20.19.considerable: “相當大，相當多的”，非常常用的修飾語，比如considerable changes就是相當大的變化。17.16. Finance 金融 financial15. barrier / obstacle / impediment: “障礙、阻礙”，名詞，在寫作考試中經常被用到。ban / prohibit something: “禁止，杜絕”，表達這個含義時盡量不要使用stop。12.approve of something: “批準，同意”，注意不要忘記介詞of。10.approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用來替代我們經常使用的一些簡單詞匯，如methodapplicable / feasible / workable: 都表示“可行的”，用在政策、法令、手段等詞前面做修飾語，既可增加字長，又可以提高詞匯水平。8.alternative: “其他的選擇或辦法”，比如an alternative is that… 就相當于in addition（除此7.cannot afford to: “不應當做”，不是我們說的“負擔不起”。5.advance: 名詞，“進步，發(fā)展”，用來替代文章開頭經常使用的development，progress。3.accelerate: 后面接名詞，表示“加速”，中性詞，好事壞事都能用。s attention. ,demension,sphere代aspect indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 替換..reasons for sth 替換want. attention into 替換pay attention to in mind that 替換remember 26. enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思) 27. interaction替換munication on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance 30. next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible1.所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/，副詞用increasingly. Eg. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful, ,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer ,extremely, intensely 替換very necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替換 unnecessary, avoidable appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb. be interested in one39。寫作常用替換詞★ 形容詞：1. 貧窮的：poor = needy = impoverished = povertystricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = welltodo = welloff3. 優(yōu)秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 積極的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消極的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明顯的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 驚人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美麗的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eyecatching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive★ 動詞： 1. 提高，加強：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解決：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培養(yǎng): develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激發(fā)，鼓勵：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 認為： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：plete = fulfill = acplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 減輕: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★ 名詞： 1. 影響：influence= impact2. 危險：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人類：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = wel