【正文】 地質(zhì)環(huán)境要素 geologic environment element 巖石rock 巖體rock mass 巖漿巖(火成巖) magma tic rock, igneous rock 沉積巖 sedimentary rock 變質(zhì)巖metamorphic rock 新鮮巖石fresh rock 完整巖石intact rock 風(fēng)化巖石 weathered rock 結(jié)構(gòu)面 structural plane 結(jié)構(gòu)體structural block 巖體結(jié)構(gòu)類型 structural types of rock mass 軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面weak structural plane 軟弱夾層weak intercalated layer 土soil 土體 soil mass 基巖bed rock 殘積土 residual soil 坡積土 slope wash 洪積土diluvia soil 沖積土alluvial soil 風(fēng)積土aeolian deposit 海積土marine soil 特殊土special soil 紅土laterite 裂隙粘土 fissured clay 帶狀粘土carved clay 軟粘土soft clay 淤泥muck 膨脹土expansive soil 鹽漬土saline soil 黃土loess 黃土狀土loesslike soil 濕陷狀土collapsible soil 泥炭peat 有機質(zhì)土organic soil 分散性粘土 dispersive clay 凍土 frozen soil 多年凍土 perennially frozen soil 季節(jié)凍土 seasonally frozen soil 人工填土artificial fill 地質(zhì)構(gòu)造geologic structure 褶皺 fold 背斜 anticline 向斜 syncline 斷裂 rupture , fracture 斷層 fault 節(jié)理 joint 斷裂破碎帶fracture zone 活斷層 active fault 產(chǎn)狀 attitude 不良地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象 adverse geologic phenomena 巖石堅硬程度 hardness degree of rock 巖體完整性指數(shù) （巖體速度指數(shù)）intactness index of rock mass 巖石質(zhì)量指標rock quality designation (RQD) 巖體基本質(zhì)量 rock mass basic quality (BQ) 風(fēng)化作用 weathering 風(fēng)化殼weathered crust 風(fēng)化帶 weathered zone 風(fēng)化系數(shù) coefficient of weathering 巖石風(fēng)化程度 weathering degree of rock 泥石流debris flow 巖崩rock fall 滑坡landslide 滑坡體 landslide mass 滑動面 slip surface 滑支帶 slip zone 喀斯特（巖溶）karst 喀斯特塌陷 karst collapse 地裂 ground fracturing 地面下沉 land subsidence 震陷earthquake subsidence 水文地質(zhì) 水文地質(zhì)勘察hydrogeological investigation 水文地質(zhì)鉆探 hydrogeological drilling 地表水 surface water 地下水 groundwater 包氣帶水 aeration zone water 上層滯水perched water 潛水phreatic water 承壓水 confined water 層間水 interstrated (無誤)water 裂隙水fissure water 含水層aquifer 不透水層（隔水層）impervious layer 地下徑流 subsurface runoff 補給區(qū) recharge area 徑流區(qū) runoff area 承壓水頭 artesian pressure head 測壓管水頭 piezometric head 儲水系數(shù) storage coefficient 導(dǎo)水系數(shù)transmissivity 補給率recharge rate 給水度 specific yield 彌散系數(shù) dispersion coefficient 疏于系數(shù)depletion coefficient 持水度water retaining capacity 容水量 water bearing capacity 有效孔隙率 effective porosity 影響半徑 radius of influence 地下水總礦化度 total mineralization of groundwater 地下水硬度 groundwater hardness 地下水污染groundwater pollution 地下水補給量 groundwater recharge 地下水儲存量 groundwater storage 地下水動態(tài) groundwater regime 地下水監(jiān)測groundwater monitoring 地下水等水位線圖contour map of groundwater 勘察階段、成果及評價 巖土工程勘察geotechnical engineering investigation 勘察階段investigation stage 工程地質(zhì)圖 engineering geologic map 綜合工程地質(zhì)圖 prehensive engineering geologic 工程地質(zhì)柱狀圖engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地質(zhì)剖面圖 engineering geologic profile 坑硐展示圖developing chart of exploratory drift 節(jié)理玫瑰圖 rose diagram of joints 赤平投影 stereographic projection 工程地質(zhì)評價engineering geological evaluation 巖土工程分級categorization of geotechnical projects 勘察方法及設(shè)備 工程地質(zhì)測繪engineering geologic mapping 工程地質(zhì)勘探 engineering geological prospecting 工程地質(zhì)鉆探 engineering geological frilling 巖芯 core of rock 巖芯采取率 core recovery 取土器 soil sampler 薄壁取土器thin wall sampler 厚壁取土器thick wall sampler 探槽 trench 地球物理勘探 geophysical exploration 電法勘控electric prospecting 地震勘探seismic prospecting 下孔法 downhole method 上孔法uphole method 跨孔法 cross hole method 表面波法 surface wave velocity method 聲學(xué)探測 acoustic prospecting 紅外探測infrared detection 遙感勘測remote sensing prospecting 原位試驗與現(xiàn)場觀測 原位試驗insite test 平板荷載試驗 plate loading test 旁壓試驗 pressuremeter test (PMT) 自鉆式旁壓儀 selfboring pressuremeter 旁壓儀模量 modulus of pressuremeter 十字板剪切試驗 vane shear test 靜力觸探試驗 cone penetration test (CPT) 貫入阻力 penetration resistance 比貫入阻力 specific penetration resistance 摩阻比frictionresistance ratio 孔壓靜力觸控試驗 piezocone test (CPTU) 動力觸探試驗 dynamic penetration test 標準貫入試驗standard penetration test (SPT) 巖石原位直接剪切試驗insitu direct test of rock 扁千斤頂法 flat jack technique 徑向扁千斤頂法 radial flat jack technique 應(yīng)力解除法stress relief method 應(yīng)力恢復(fù)法stress recovery method 抽水試驗pumping test 水力劈裂法 hydraulic fracturing technique 點荷載試驗 point loading test 壓水試驗 pumpin test 單位吸水量 specific water absorption 呂榮單位Lugeon unit 注水試驗water injection test 灌漿試驗grouting test 單位吸漿量 specific grout absorption 現(xiàn)場觀測field observation 孔隙水壓力監(jiān)測 monitoring of porewater pressure 滑坡監(jiān)測 monitoring of landslide 洞室圍巖變形監(jiān)測 monitoring of surrounding rock deformation of tunnel 沉降變形臨測monitoring of settlement and deformation 傳感器 transducer 天然建筑材料勘察 天然建筑材料natural building materials 土料 earth material 石料 stone material 混凝土骨料 aggregate for concrete 粗骨料coarse aggregate 細骨料fine aggregate 建材儲量 reserve of building material 平均厚度法 average thickness method 平行斷面法 parallel section method 三角形法 triangular method 等值線法 isoline method 剝離比rate of stripping4 有土和巖石的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì) 地的組成與分類 土的組構(gòu) soil fabric 土的結(jié)構(gòu) soil structure 土骨架 soil skeleton 比表面積 specific surface 孔隙水 pore water 自由水 free water 重力水 gravitational water 毛細管水 capillary water 吸著水 absorbed water 塑性圖 plasticity chart 粒徑分布曲線 grain size distribution curve 粒徑 grain size 粒組 fraction 巨粒土 over coarsegrained soil 粗粒土 coarse –grained soil 細粒土 finegrained soil 漂石（塊石）boulder (stone block) 卵石 cobble 礫類土 gravelly soil 砂類土 sandy soil 粘性土 cohesive soil 無粘性土 cohesionless soil 限制粒徑 constrained grain size 有效粒徑 effective grain size 不均勻系數(shù) coefficient of uniformity 曲率系數(shù) coefficient of curvature 級配 gradation 良好級配土wellgraded soil 不良級配土 poorlygraded soil 不連續(xù)級配土 gapgraded soil 不擾動土樣 undisturbed soil sample 擾動土樣 disturbed soil sample 土的現(xiàn)場鑒別 field identification of soil 土的物理力學(xué)性狀與試驗 含水率water content 密度 density 容重 unit weight 土粒比重 specific gravity of soil particle 三相圖 three phase diagram 孔隙率 porosity 孔隙比 coid ratio 臨界孔隙比 critical void ratio 飽和度 degree of saturation 顆粒分析試驗 particle size analysis 稠度界限consistency limit 液限 liquid limit 塑限 plastic limit 縮限 shrinkage limit 塑性指