【正文】 ld devices — like Cornell’s GPS system — that are smaller, lighter and more efficient than anything they’ve made before, they could give scientists access to entirely novel information. 109 ?It’s very difficult to measure a living anism’s internal processes without somehow restraining it and disturbing its natural behaviors. But the more scientists learn about safely fusing living animals and technology, the better they bee at monitoring the many important biological processes that happen inside those animals, without keeping them caged up or tethered in labs. ? Bionic bugs could soon provide biologists with an unprecedented ability to study insects in their natural environment. Imagine breeding cyb moths and beetles outfitted with tiny selfsufficient GPS monitors and chemical sensors — then releasing them to the skies and forests. 110 ? ―We want to monitor body temperature, metabolic rate, flight speed — we want to map where they are going, map their life history. A lot of this is really unknown,‖ said VandenBrooks, coauthor of the Berkeley study. ―Animal tracking devices and how long they last are an important issue,‖ said Cornell’s Reissman. ―Making better, longer lasting devices would be very advantageous to understanding biological systems.‖ 111 ? Focusing on the nervous systems of insects has also proven beneficial to scientists. It might seem trivial to study the brains and behaviors of bugs, but nerves — the individual cells of the nervous system — are so plicated that researchers need to tightly concentrate their efforts to make progress. ? ―It’s a very valuable way to approach and study neuroscience,‖ the University of Utah’s Harrison said. ―It turns out biology is really, really plex. A housefly has a quarter million neurons in its brain — and that’s just a housefly!‖ 112 ? ―It’s such a scifi approach that some people see no feasibility or use for this research,‖ said Reissman, ―but the truth is that each of these research areas needs advancing. We’re going to keep seeing good science e out of this.‖ 113 不會漏氣的仿蜂巢輪胎 ? 我們的身邊日夜都陪伴著大量昆蟲和蜘蛛綱動物，它們形態(tài)不一，體型各異，但由于長相恐怖，我們幾乎不會將它們作為思考的對象。 87 88 89 90 91 尺蛾 =尺蠖 92 Bionic Bugs ? The Defense Department’s attempts to merge insects and electronics are benefiting science more than the military ? By Ferris Jabr | Posted January 22, 2022?？茖W家據(jù)此研制成功了 直升飛機 。（ 2022年） 86 ?蜻蜓 通過翅膀振動（拍打）使自己上升。 Robofly 84 ?《 科學時報 》 訊 (記者 曉峰 ) 澳大利亞國立大學的科學家最近根據(jù)昆蟲的仿生學原理制造了一架新型飛行器，它會像 蜜蜂 一樣觀察周圍的事物，能夠像 蜻蜓 一樣自如地飛行，而且它還能夠在環(huán)境惡劣的火星表面飛行，以代替行動遲緩的漫游者機器人，從而改變?nèi)藗兲剿骰鹦堑姆绞健? 72 蜂巢水果托盤 73 蜂巢式互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 74 ? 巴塞羅那建筑史上最前衛(wèi)、最瘋狂的建筑藝術家，高迪。 ?人們仿其構(gòu)造用各種材料制成蜂巢式夾層結(jié)構(gòu)板，強度大、重量輕、不易傳導聲和熱，是建筑及制造航天飛機、宇宙飛船、人造衛(wèi)星等的理想材料。 28’ ，銳角 70176。 ?科學家根據(jù)蒼蠅嗅覺器官的結(jié)構(gòu)，把各種化學反應轉(zhuǎn)變成電脈沖的方式，制成了十分靈敏的 小型氣體分析儀 ，目前已廣泛應用于宇宙飛船、潛艇和礦井等場所來檢測氣體成分，使科研、生產(chǎn)的安全系數(shù)更為準確、可靠。 ?雌松樹鋸蠅，其氣味能招引約 1億只雄蠅 。 68 昆蟲觸角與仿生 ?一只雌舞毒蛾僅能分泌 ，但這已足夠誘來 100萬只雄蛾。當它飛行時，平衡棒以一定的頻率進行機械振動，可以調(diào)節(jié)翅膀的運動方向，是保持蒼蠅身體平衡的導航儀。 ?螢火蟲的發(fā)光， 實質(zhì)上是把化學能轉(zhuǎn)變成光能的過程 。發(fā)光層擁有幾千個發(fā)光細胞，含有熒光素和熒光酶。 ?它們易于生產(chǎn)、儲存、運輸，安全且不易失效。 64 步甲的自衛(wèi) 放屁御敵 65 ?美國軍事專家受甲蟲噴射原理的啟發(fā)研制出了先進的二元化武器。二元酚和雙氧水流到第三小室與生物酶混合發(fā)生化學反應，瞬間就成為 100℃ 的毒液，并迅速射出。 61 鱗片 62 63 ? 屁步甲炮蟲自衛(wèi)時，可噴射出具有惡臭的高溫液體“炮彈”，以迷惑、刺激和驚嚇敵害。 55 56 擬態(tài)與仿生 57 擬態(tài)仿生 擬態(tài)仿生 坦克的迷彩著裝 58 三色迷彩的德國“豹” I坦克在電視成像下的效果 擬態(tài)仿生 擬態(tài)仿生 坦克的迷彩著裝 59 60 ?蝴蝶身上的鱗片會隨陽光的照射方向自動變換角度而調(diào)節(jié)體溫 ?人造衛(wèi)星在太空中由于位置的不斷變化可引起溫度驟然變化，有時溫差可高達兩、三百度，嚴重影響許多儀器的正常工作。因此，盡管德軍費盡心機，但列寧格勒的軍事基地仍安然無惹，為贏得最后的勝利奠定了堅實的基礎。 54 ?蝴蝶色彩與偽裝 ?在二戰(zhàn)期間，德軍包圍了列寧格勒，企圖用轟炸機摧毀其軍事目標和其他防御設施。 53 ?蜜蜂復眼的每個單眼中相鄰地排列著對偏振光方向十分敏感的偏振片，可利用太陽準確定位。 52 ? 可用于超薄相機的人造昆蟲眼 。 ? 在蠅眼的啟示下，人們制成了由 1329塊小透鏡組成的一次可拍 1329張高分辨率照片的蠅眼照像機，在軍事、醫(yī)學、航空、航天上被廣泛應用。 ? 蒼蠅的復眼