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淺析生物涂料的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用-展示頁

2025-04-13 23:33本頁面
  

【正文】 酸鈣的組合。(2)苯丙乳液型的基料中加入不同比列的貝殼粉與碳酸鈣填料成分組成及制備工藝。本課題既有明顯的經(jīng)濟效益、環(huán)境效益和社會效益,又有工程實用價值。貝殼的主要成分是CaC03和少量的有機物,由于產(chǎn)地和品種不同,貝殼的成分也有所不同。而且隨著海洋養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展,貝殼的產(chǎn)量將會越來越大,現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)不能充分合理地利用與日增長的貝殼排放量,會造成更嚴重的環(huán)境污染。生物涂料不僅是未來涂料業(yè)發(fā)展的熱點,而且有利于實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有資源合理有效配置。[8]天然生物材料經(jīng)過億萬年的進化,形成了特殊的結(jié)構(gòu),具有優(yōu)異的性能。日本自1997年開發(fā)成功扇貝殼、稻殼涂料以來,經(jīng)5年使用實踐,證明其性能穩(wěn)定,使用功能符合環(huán)保要求,特別是其良好的凈化室內(nèi)空氣的能力倍受用戶的青睞。粉末狀的商品涂料只需加水即可使用。以稻殼為原料的商品名為“天然硅涂料”,稻殼中含硅量達95%以上,硅既有優(yōu)良的防腐性能與防遠紅外線性能,又有良好的吸濕與放濕性能,該涂料系由稻殼經(jīng)燒制、研磨微粉化,制成300林m粉末狀商品。利用壓汞儀對試驗樣品進行微觀結(jié)構(gòu)測定,貝殼表現(xiàn)出較好的微觀孔結(jié)構(gòu)特性[6],貝殼是一種固硫性能較好的新型鈣基脫硫劑[7]。Naruse在1995年的第三屆國際煤燃燒會議上提出了一種新型的流化床燃燒脫硫劑貝殼,研究認為,貝殼具有比石灰石更高的脫硫效率和鈣利用率。目前貝殼作為一種新型脫硫劑的研究工作仍處于初級試驗階段,石灰石是目前應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一種鈣基脫硫劑,但是其局限性的微孔結(jié)構(gòu)特性和較差的溫度反應(yīng)特性,使得石灰石的鈣利用率和脫硫效率都較低。如鮑的貝殼可以治療眼疾,寶貝的貝殼能明目解毒,烏賊的內(nèi)殼可治療外傷、癲病、心臟病和胃病,并可用來止血,文蛤的殼能治療慢性氣管炎、淋巴結(jié)核、胃及十二指腸潰瘍,紅螺殼可治療胃痛等[5]。此外,紫菜育苗中常選用大而完整的文蛤殼作為載體來培養(yǎng)紫菜絲狀體,目前還沒有其他物品可以替代。而在飼料中加入貝殼粉,對以上禽畜、魚類缺鈣引起的病癥都有良好的治療效果,對其繁殖生長有很重要的作用,能增加乳汁和提高產(chǎn)蛋量等。貝殼 含有大量碳酸鈣,可以作良好的鈣質(zhì)飼料。利用貝殼色層、形態(tài)、質(zhì)地不同可制成花瓶、帽子夾、袖扣、領(lǐng)帶夾、水果盤、棋子等。利用貝殼獨特的形狀、花紋,豐富的光澤和色彩,質(zhì)地堅硬,耐腐蝕等特點,選用貝殼作觀賞品,如寶貝、骨螺、珍珠貝等的殼,都是深受人們喜愛的裝飾品。隨著貝類養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展,貝殼將越來越多,充分利用貝殼資源,己越來越引起人們的重視,很多領(lǐng)域己經(jīng)開展了貝殼應(yīng)用的研究。而且隨著海洋養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展,貝殼的產(chǎn)量將會越來越大,會造成更嚴重的環(huán)境污染。目前,我國貝殼的應(yīng)用主要集中在工藝制品、養(yǎng)殖、醫(yī)藥等方面,而且利用率不高。由于我國各沿海省份大力開發(fā)海洋資源,海產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展,僅貝類產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量已超過千萬噸。近年來,灘涂貝類養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展比較迅速,養(yǎng)殖面積在不斷的擴大,養(yǎng)殖品種逐漸增加,養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量也在逐年提高。最近幾年,無論是在北半球,還是在南半球許多國家或地區(qū),貝類養(yǎng)殖業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,而東南亞州地區(qū)貝類養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展最迅速。目前建筑涂料的品種主要是乳膠型建筑徒勞,建筑料的產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)占涂料總產(chǎn)量的45%—50%。從產(chǎn)品的形態(tài)和使用方法來看,水性涂料與溶劑性涂料是相同的。[3]發(fā)展環(huán)境友好涂料已成為涂料研究領(lǐng)域的熱點。1998年,上海市技術(shù)監(jiān)督局率先頒布了我國地方標準“健康型建筑內(nèi)墻涂料”;北京市技術(shù)監(jiān)督局隨后也頒布了北京市建筑內(nèi)墻涂料安全健康質(zhì)量評定規(guī)則;國家環(huán)保總局在1999年批準頒布的HJBZ4—1999水性涂料環(huán)境標志產(chǎn)品技術(shù)要求。我國于1973年頒布了“大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準”(GB 3096—82)法規(guī)。社會的發(fā)展對涂料性能要求越來越高,同時要求涂料應(yīng)用對環(huán)境的污染越來越小,從20世紀60年代開始,各國都相繼制定法規(guī)來限制VOC的排放量。由這些氮氧化合物、烴類化合物及其光化學(xué)反應(yīng)的中間產(chǎn)物等所組成的特殊混合物即為光化學(xué)煙霧,臭氧的產(chǎn)生是光化學(xué)煙霧的標志。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,我國2000年溶劑型涂料的產(chǎn)量為200多萬噸,其中VOC的排放量在100多萬噸左右。涂料的生產(chǎn)和使用也從一種世代相傳的技藝發(fā)展成為涉及多學(xué)科的現(xiàn)代化的涂料工業(yè)。因此,涂料走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路己成為世人的共識,通過利用廢棄的貝殼和碳酸鈣混合做為涂料的填料,使涂料成為一種可再生材料,同時為緩解廢棄的貝殼污染提供一條新的解決途徑。產(chǎn)量分布見表11。然而從資源、能源和環(huán)境的角度分析,材料的提取、生產(chǎn)、使用和廢棄過程又是一個不斷消耗和破壞人類賴以生存的空間的過程。材料已與食物、居住空間、能源和信息并列一起組成人類的基本資源。人類經(jīng)歷了石器時代、青銅器時代、鐵器時代,今天,正跨進先進材料的新時代。s permeability and water permeability. And some of fillers show particular functions, which plays an important role in functional coating. At the same time, as a result of the use of extender pigment, it can also save some excess coloring pigment, ensure the quality of paint, and reduce the cost of paint. In recent years, the research on the cross field between material science and biotechnology has gained much attention, in which the three branchesnatural biological materials, biomedical materials, biomimetic materials are the main focus. Natural biological materials, after hundreds of millions of years evolution, have formed a special structure, with excellent performance. Almost all the natural biological materials are pound materials. The position of different materials, different structures and different functions makes the characteristics of natural biological materials far superior to a single conventional material. Some bureaus in the United States, Britain, Japan, our country and many other countries have devoted special efforts to researching on biological materials in succession. Shell contains a large number of crystalline inorganic substances and natural polymers, inorganic substances like calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, natural polymers like proteins and polysaccharides, so shell connects the abovementioned natural inorganic substances. As the size of inorganic phase and organic phase in shell changes from the submicron to nanometer, it is a natural organic / inorganic hybrid materials which ensures that the shell has a high degree of hardness, while at the same time has good toughness. Usually, filler has a relatively poor patibility with polymer, but through modification, patibility can be improved between shell powder and the organic coating, and the overall performance of coating can be improved too.Calcium carbonate is an important filler, which can be hydrolyzed into hydrated lime with chemical activity. In the primer coating,it can reduce the phenomenon of bubbling and cracking improve adhesion of paint film, and improve the ability to efficacy of antimicrobial ,In this paper ,keeping the total amount of natural calcium carbonate and shell powder is the same, but changing the ratio of natural calcium carbonate to shell powder, this experiment is added a certain amount of styreneacrylic emulsion, accessory ingredient, coloring pigment, extender pigment and water to improve the overall performance of the biological coating through certain process conditions. After the parison of performance testing, this experiment can determine the best amount of natural calcium carbonate and shell powder. After analysing different ratioes of calcium carbonate to shell powder as a filler added to the styreneacrylic emulsion, and testing the performance in the viscosity, specific gravity, solid content ,alkali resistance and so on, it es to the conclusion that when its adding shell powder is % %, the integrated performance of biological coating has a greater improvement than that of the coating without shell powder.KEYWORDS:biopaints,shell power,integrated function,the best amount目錄摘要 I摘要(英文) III緒論 11涂料及貝殼分發(fā)展概述 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 52貝殼粉破碎及碳酸鈣改性方法 62.1貝殼的結(jié)構(gòu)及成份 6 6 8 8 貝殼粉的細化過程 8 8 9 9 93生物涂料的組成 10 生物涂料的配方 10 生物涂料的組成 10 主要成膜物質(zhì) 10 11 苯乙烯—丙烯酸酯共聚乳液 11 全丙乳液 11 硅丙乳液 11 次要的成膜物質(zhì) 12 輔助成膜物質(zhì) 13 溶劑和水 13 助劑 144涂料的制作的工藝及成膜機理 15 15 16 乳膠漆成品的配制 16 17 乳膠漆的成膜機理 17 18 195性能測試及確定最佳比 20 粘度()的測定 20 固含量的測定 24 細度的測定 26 耐堿性的測定 28 比重的測定 30 遮蓋力的測定 31 硬度的測定 34結(jié)論 36參考文獻 37謝辭 39緒論材料是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。s paint panies to apply and develop energysaving lowpollution water coatings, powder coatings, high solid coatings and radiation curable coating. This panies have developed water coatings and radiation curable coatings as their directions.Filler is an important ponent of paint, and also is an important film coa
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