【正文】 value of a puter system increase with each program that turns out.如：It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our everincreasing world.(相當于the changes which take place...)There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相當于which gave...)How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?(相當于How many of us who will attend...) (2)過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動意義?！?過去分詞表示被動，表示動作結(jié)束了的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。如：四、分詞分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做定語或狀語。三、動名詞牢記下列要求接動名詞做賓語的動詞：acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.(4)not/never too… to, too… not to, but/only too…to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義。如：The solution works only for couples who are selfemployed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together.The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.(3)不定式做結(jié)果狀語只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的結(jié)果，有時用only加強語氣。(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)結(jié)構(gòu)引導目的狀語，so as to不能置于句首。如：I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.We appreciate your efforts to bring about a prehensive solution to the existing problem. (5)不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot習慣上用不定式做定語。 “對……的好奇心”→be curious to do“對……好奇”ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……”According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.(3)如果其形容詞形式要求接不定式做補語，相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如：the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一個登上月球的女性 (2)如果其動詞要求不定式做賓語，相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如：be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth. 掌握要求接不定式做賓語的動詞：afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。如：Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.It’s clever of you to have invented such a device. (2)不定式做主語補足語：掌握常用不定式做主語補足語的句型。時態(tài)、語態(tài)答題思路：(1)先根據(jù)選項的區(qū)別點確定考題要點為時態(tài)，然后回到題句中尋找給出的或暗示的時間狀語，縮小選擇范圍，進而選出正確答案；(2)根據(jù)謂語動詞與句子主語或非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的關系，確定句子是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)。如：如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we e back next year. (3)by now、since +過去時間、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具體數(shù)字)years/days/months，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時, 但在it is +具體時間since/before這一句型中，主句更多的時候不用完成時。如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年時已發(fā)生的情況)(狀語從句) (2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that從句中，謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)，注意與完成時連用的句型和時間狀語：英語專業(yè)四級語法詞匯題常考語法點總結(jié)時態(tài)、語態(tài)時態(tài)、語態(tài)需要掌握的要點：： (1)在時間、條件、讓步從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，但要注意區(qū)別從句的類型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告訴他你什么時候再來電話。(賓語從句)比較：I’ll tell him when you ring 。(1)by/between/up to/till +過去時間、since、by the time/when +表示過去發(fā)生情況的從句，主句用過去完成時。(2)by +將來時間、by the time/ when +謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的從句，主句用將來完成時。如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed pletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.It is four years since John left school. (4)在It is the +序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級+that的定語從句中，謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時。It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. (5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中，主句常用過去完成時。如：The pany has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.二、不定式 (1)引導邏輯主語的介詞：不定式的邏輯主語一般由介詞for引導,但下列表示人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語時, 不定式的邏輯主語則由of引導：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。注意不定式表示的動作發(fā)生的時間，并采用相應形式。如：Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room. (1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定詞時，該名詞用不定式做定語。如：tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.如：ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……”curiosity to do(4)表示方式、原因、時間、機會、權(quán)利等名詞用不定式做定語，這些名詞包括：way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (運動)，effort等。如：Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved. 不定式做狀語主要表示目的、程度、結(jié)果、方式。如：(2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to結(jié)構(gòu)做程度狀語。常見的不定式動詞有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：I am only too pleased to hear from you further. 能再聽到你的消息，我太高興了。如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.考生尤其要識別下列短語中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號：object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be mitted to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, e close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。在概念上應清楚：● 現(xiàn)在分詞