【正文】 理解的生詞率略有上升，加大了猜測力度。因為猜測詞組、句義題涉及題材背景、句子結(jié)夠、文章主旨、作者的觀點態(tài)度等。考生應學會通過構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。高考閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題技巧猜詞悟義是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考閱讀理解中必考的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。一、題型特點與命題方式此類題型有逐漸增加的趨勢，尤其是猜測詞組、句義題。聯(lián)系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類題的關鍵。命題者著重考查考生利用同義或反義關系、構(gòu)詞法、語法和語篇文脈等理解生詞的能力。要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定詞義的具體內(nèi)容。用“邏輯關系梳理法”、“遞向?qū)ほ櫡ā崩砬迦宋锛笆挛镏g的邏輯關系是關鍵所在。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關鍵。下面結(jié)合近幾年高考試題，對猜詞悟義的技巧加以解讀。例如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即“退火”。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定語從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧羊人”。 B. burning points請看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. 根據(jù)后一句的such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West points的意思是“融點”。 C. creative請看文章第一段：When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standardsbased learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. 由后半句的解釋“…with almost no money for equipment or supplies…”可知此項任務不可能是“interesting”或“creative”，而她的教學工作也與“unbearable”無關，故A項正確。例如：They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了castle 的確切詞義，即古時候的“城堡”。The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now plete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位語?！究祭浚?013上海卷，C篇）82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that________.B. children from wellrespected schools tend to have good jobsD. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success【解析】B。答案為B。例如：Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞， 據(jù)此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。 B. that is always presentC. that is difficult to get D. that people use as a gift【解析】B。另外根據(jù)構(gòu)詞知識可知，該詞的詞根是fix，含有“固定”之意。例如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.從后面的結(jié)果“永遠不能再運動”中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為“永遠的，永久的”。由此推知A prestigious university應是a famous university（名校）。 【考例】(2014北京卷，C篇) 66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______. A. the problem is not approached step by step B. the researchers so far have faults in themselves C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns【解析】D。由前面一句“We have a very limited number of studies”可知，由于研究的對象非常有限，所以對于房間設計影響人們的工作和情緒這一現(xiàn)象只是“管中窺豹”，局限性太強。(2014安徽卷，B篇) A. animals for taking goods B. creatures for pulling plows請看原文：Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “boats on land” for their ability to carry their ability to carry loads可以很輕松的得到結(jié)果：牛被看做“陸地之舟”，是一種運輸貨物的動物。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找；也有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事。However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.it指的是月球人(moon people)所問的問題（the question）。A. the energy benefitC. climate change【解析】A。由此判斷，it指前面提到的the energy benefit。this指代前文提到的“but we will suffer much more than we will benefit”，意思是“砍伐森林帶來短期利益，但是從長遠來看，我們遭受的損失遠大于獲得的利益”。(2014 浙江卷，A篇) 42. What does the underlined phrase “her gift” (Paragraph 2) refer to? A. Her words. C. Her flowers.請看原文：She smiled. It was a nice smile — warm and reassuring—and I retuned her gift by smiling back. 從前句話中可以知道her gift 指的是“smile”。Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 作者為避免重復使用endanger一詞，用其同義詞jeopardize來替代它，由此推知其詞義為“使……陷入危險，危及、危害”。【考例】（2014重慶卷，B篇）62. What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to? A. Ways that help one to focus. B. Words that help one to feel less tense. C. Activities that turn one’s attention away. D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.【解析】C。（2014天津卷，A篇）37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly.請看原文：Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. 根據(jù)下文“the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost”可知前后是同義關系，die hard意思是“頑固”，同D項意義接近。另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。后半句的意思是她今天“第一節(jié)上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結(jié)論。 B. to be valuable C. to be admirable請看文章原句：Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales文章中本句意思是：即使科學能告訴我們一些傳統(tǒng)的想法是經(jīng)不起檢驗的，但“老人言”中還有很多正確的東西。(2014江蘇卷，A篇) 56. The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______. A. your slave and serves youD. under your influence and follows you【解析】B。通過上下文理解猜測詞義通過上下文的具體信息猜測詞義是目前高考閱讀理解題中最常見的一種命題形式。A. Smart words.B. Unusual actions. 由上文she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires, and shouted at the phone…And she swept it into the stepped to the doorway and shouted at the rest of the house, “Now hear this! All objects in this room — if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go!” 可知，作者的妻子聽到作者的吼叫聲后，做了一些古怪的事情，如將電話機扔進垃圾箱、對著屋子里的東西喊話等。由上文這些信息可推知“antics”指的是Un