【正文】 the thermometer in an electrical circuit 電路 Optical pyrometer 光學高溫計 ? Measure high temperature by examining the brightness and colour of the light emitted from objects at high temperatures. ? The light varies with temperature and is pared with a light from a filament 燈絲 at a known temperature. 1) Celsius scale 攝氏溫標 Unit : degree Celsius (℃ ) ? Temperature scales 溫標 This is a proper noun. Notice that the first letter must be capitalized 2) Thermodynamic scale T 熱力學溫標 Unit : degree kelvin (K) { melting point of ice 冰的熔點 , boiling point of water 水的沸點 } { absolute zero 分子停止運動時的溫度絕對零度 , triple point of water水的三相點為 } The same mass of different materials hold the same quantities of heat? Different quantities of heat ? To produce the same rise in temperature , water and oil, which one should be supplied more heat ? Water has a greater heat capacity than oil. Heat capacity 熱容 ? The SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY (C) 比熱 of a material is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that material by 1 degree kelvin ( or 1 degree Celsius) ? Unit: J/ kg. K (or J/kg℃ ) ? Table gives values for a variety of materials ? What does 4190 J/ kg. K mean? ? Water is a good medium for storing heat. ? How to use the high heat capacity of water? ? Unit: kilogram per cubic metre ( kg/m3) ? Heavyweight masonry materials石材 , such as brick, concrete 混凝土 and stone, have high densities. ( V ) V o l u m em) ( M a ss)(D e n si t y ??Next conception Density 密度 Nature of heat, its measurement and its effect 熱的性質(zhì)、量度和作用 ? Heat energy ? Power ? Temperature ? Thermometers ? Temperature scale ? Heat capacity ? density Change of state 相態(tài)變化 ? The state of a substance depends on the conditions of temperature and pressure which act on the substance. three possible states are interchangeable相互轉(zhuǎn)換 There are three possible states of matter Solid state Liquid state Gas state ? with absorption of heat 吸熱 Solid → liquid → gas ? With release of heat 放熱 Gas → liquid → solid Sensible heat顯熱 is the heat energy absorbed or released from a substance during a change in temperature. Latent heat 潛熱 is the heat energy absorbed or released from a substance during a change of state, with no change in temperature. Sensible and latent heat 顯熱和潛熱 ? A liquid may change to a gas with heating being supplied. ? without heating being supplied, A liquid may change to a gas ?? ? Evaporation蒸發(fā) ? The latent heat required for this change is taken from the surroundings and produces an important cooling effect 制冷效果 Enthalpy can be described an the total heat content of a sample, with reference to 0℃ . 焓是物質(zhì)相對于 0℃ 所包含的總熱能。Chapter 2 Principles of Heat 空氣質(zhì)量環(huán)境 熱濕環(huán)境 聲環(huán)境 光環(huán)境 this chapter describes: Nature of heat, its measurement and its effect 熱的性質(zhì)、量度和作用 Heat transfer 熱傳遞 Gases and vapours, and their effects 氣體和水蒸氣，及其作用 Refrigerators and heat pumps 制冷機及熱泵 Nature of heat 熱的性質(zhì) Heat energy 熱能 Heat (H or Q) is a form of energy 熱是能量的一種形式 The joule is the standard SI unit of energy used for measuring any other form of energy. Other units of energy still found in use include the following units. Unit: calorie, where 1 cal J kilowatt hour, where 1kwh= British Thermal Unit, where 1BTU= 英制熱量單位 Heat energy 熱能 is an internal molecular property of a material. Other forms of energy ？？ mechanical energy機械能 , electrical energy電能 and chemical energy化學能 Can you give some examples ? Combustion of fuels 燃料的燃燒 Thermal energy Power is a measure of the rate at which work is done, or at which energy is converted from one form to another. ? Unit : watt (W) By definition, 1watt = 1 joule / second. it is useful to remember that it already contains information about time and there is no need to divided by seconds. ( t ) t i m eH) (e n e r g y H e a t ( P )P o w e r ? Power 功率 能力 , 力量 , 動力 , 權力 Temperature is not the same thing as heat. A redhot spark 火花 and a pot of boiling water 一盆開水 ? much h