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初中英語趣味閱讀理解題-展示頁

2025-01-27 05:42本頁面
  

【正文】   例2:The song sounds very beautiful.   能這樣用的動詞還有read(讀起來),clean(擦起來),wash(洗起來),write(寫起來)。例如:   get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚)   get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解)   get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉)   get married(結(jié)婚)      (1)能帶兩個賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時,一次只能由一個賓語作主語,另一個賓語被保留下來。例如:   1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.   2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.   4.“get + ed分詞”的被動語態(tài)   “get + ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果,而非動作本身,常用來表示突發(fā)性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。      常用的被動語態(tài)有表1所列的幾種時態(tài)形式。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, e true, take place, consist of。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,而被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。   從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況利用時態(tài)一致原則確定從句動詞時態(tài)時,還應注意,若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞,從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣,不能遵循時態(tài)一致原則。一般原則是:   當主句謂語使用現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句的謂語根據(jù)具體情況使用任何時態(tài)   He says that he lives in Wuhan.   We hope that there will be many people at your party today.   “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”   “There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”   “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”   當主句謂語使用過去時的時候,從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態(tài)   He said he was writing a novel.   The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.   He said his father had been an engineer.   當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時,從句的謂語應使用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:   By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.   ★清華大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授研究組提供四:時態(tài)一致   時態(tài)一致是英語四、六級考試的一個重要內(nèi)容。例如:   I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.   (2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去某一時刻。例如:   1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.   2)I shall have finished this position before 9 o’clock.   3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.      完成進行時是完成時的強調(diào)形式,有現(xiàn)在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時。例如:   The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.      將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作;也可以用來表示一種猜測。例如:   Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.   2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如:   1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.   2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.   (2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時,表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或愿望等沒有實現(xiàn)。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在完成時;如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如:   1)I have just finished my homework.   2)Mary has been ill for three days.   (2)常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有:since, for, during, over等引導出的短語;副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。   三、完成時態(tài)   完成時態(tài)通常表示已完成或從事的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如:   1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?   (look在此為聯(lián)系動詞,意為“顯得,看上去”)   2)Tom is looking for his books.   (look在此為實義動詞,意為“尋找”)     過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生后,另一個過去的動作正在進行,或表示過去反復的習慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感覺的詞);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的動詞);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有與從屬的動詞);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。常用的有:go,e,leave,start,arrive,return等。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限于過渡性動詞。例如:   Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.   (2)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如:   The train is due to depart in ten minutes.   5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing強調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例如:   I am to play tennis this afternoon.   3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例如:   I shall graduate next year.   2)幾種替代形式:   1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用,表示準備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。例如:   We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.   (2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如:   1)The plane leaves at three sharp.   2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.   (4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引導的從句中,也常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如:   1)The moon moves round the earth..   2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.   (2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時?!锴迦A大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授研究組提供初中英語時態(tài)總結(jié)動詞的時態(tài)   英語共有16種時態(tài),根據(jù)近幾年曝光的四、六級考卷分析,時態(tài)測試重點主要有:完成時態(tài)——現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時;進行時態(tài)——現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、完成進行時;一般時態(tài)。   一、一般時態(tài)   一般現(xiàn)在時   (1)一般現(xiàn)在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),常和副詞usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等連用。例如:   1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.   2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.   (3)某些表示起始的動詞,可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,這類動詞有:be,go,e,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。例如:   1)Free tickets will be given to whoever es first.   2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.★清華大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授研究組提供   (1)表示過去某一特定時間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動作或狀態(tài),常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如:   1)He always went to class last.   2)I used to do my homework in the library.   (注意與be used to doing短語的區(qū)別)      1)表示將來打算進行或期待發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:   I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.   2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事,具有“必要”的強制性意義。例如:   He was about to start.   4)be due to +v表示預先確定了的事,必定發(fā)生的事。例如:   The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. ★清華大學★英語系測試:為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學英語教授研究組提供二、進行時態(tài)   (1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作,常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。例如:   My father is forever criticizing me.   (3)表示根據(jù)計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。即表示從一個狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個狀態(tài)或位置上去的動詞。例如:   They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.   (4)有些動詞不能用進行時,這是一類表示“感覺,感情,存在,從屬”等的動詞。但是如果它們詞義改變,便也可用進行時態(tài)。例如: 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.   2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
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