【正文】 . There will be some drivers weaving in and out and going more than 48 Mph and a few drivers driving exactly the posted 45 Mph. But, most drivers will be driving 48 Mph. They do this by exercising fuzzy logic receiving a large number of fuzzy inputs, somehow evaluating all the inputs in their human brains and summarizing, weighting and averaging all these inputs to yield an optimum output decision. Inputs being evaluated may include several images and considerations such as: How many cars are in front. How fast are they driving. Any old clunkers going real slow. Do the police ever set up radar surveillance on this stretch of road. How much leeway do the police allow over the 45 Mph limit. What do you see in the rear view mirror. Even with all this, and more, to think about, those who are driving with the traffic will all be going along together at the same speed. This book is being written so Just Plain Folks can understand the concept of fuzzy logic sufficiently to utilize it, or to at least determine if they need to dig deeply into the subject in the great quantity of . level literature existing on the subject. This book is a guide, so you can do something with fuzzy logic, even if you are not a . specializing in the field or an advanced digital systems electronics engineer. It should be noted there is controversy and criticism regarding fuzzy logic. One must read various sides of the controversy and reach their own conclusion. Personally, the author, who has been both praised and reviled for his writings regarding fuzzy logic, feels the critics are too rigid in their grasp of the universe and just do not get it. But, do not take my word for it. You must look at all sides and make up your own mind. The paragraphs directly below say in a few short words, what fuzzy logic is. But, reading much of the rest of this book and other publications on the subject will be helpful for a fuller understanding. 附錄BFuzzy Logic a New Way to Analyze and Control Complex Systems by Thomas SowellWele to the wonderful world of fuzzy logic, the new science you can use to powerfully get things done. Add the ability to utilize personal puter based fuzzy logic analysis and control to your technical and management skills and you can do things that humans and machines cannot otherwise do. Following is the base on which fuzzy logic is built: As the plexity of a system increases, it bees more difficult and eventually impossible to make a precise statement about its behavior, eventually arriving at a point of plexity where the fuzzy logic method born in humans is the only way to get at the problem. Fuzzy logic is used in system control and analysis design, because it shortens the time for engineering development and sometimes, in the case of highly plex systems, is the only way to solve the problem. Although most of the time we think of control as having to do with controlling a physical system, there is no such limitation in the concept as initially presented by Dr. Zadeh. Fuzzy logic can apply also to economics, psychology, marketing, weather forecasting, biology, politics ...... to any large plex system. The term fuzzy was first used by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh in the engineering journal, Proceedings of the IRE, a leading engineering journal, in 1962. Dr. Zadeh became, in 1963, the Chairman of the Electrical Engineering department of the University of California at Berkeley. That is about as high as you can go in the electrical engineering field. Dr. Zadeh thoughts are not to be taken lightly. Fuzzy logic is not the wave of the future. It is now! There are already hundreds of millions of dollars of successful, fuzzy logic based mercial products, everything from selffocusing cameras to washing machines that adjust themselves according to how dirty the clothes are, automobile engine controls, antilock braking systems, color film developing systems, subway control systems and puter programs trading successfully in the financial markets. Note that when you go searching for fuzzylogic applications in the United States, it is difficult to impossible to find a control system acknowledged as based on fuzzy logic. Just imagine the impact on sales if General Motors announced their antilock braking was acplished with fuzzy logic! The general public is not ready for such an announcement.Objectives of the following chapters include: 1)To introduce to individuals in the fields of business, industry, science, invention and daytoday living the power and benefits available to them through the fuzzy logic method and to help them understand how fuzzy logic works. 在技術(shù)的世界中一些最好的思想家試著解釋模糊邏輯為什么工作。 那有一個百萬個故事，而且我們不能夠猜測什么是你的故事，但是機(jī)會是, 如果那里是某種你想要控制的，而且你不是富有經(jīng)驗的專業(yè)人士和有數(shù)百萬元供給經(jīng)費的公司工程師, 然后模糊邏輯可能為你做到那些。也許你操作一個天然氣壓縮物，因為一些工具總是涌出那受到在之上的影響而且爆炸,而且你需要有壓縮物自動地為了要低下地停留在線上而且保存吸強(qiáng)迫拿最適宜的制造,調(diào)整。也許超過飛的直升飛機(jī)或流動的地下鐵更下來對地球你的控制需要是某事很多。在工業(yè)中讀關(guān)于模糊邏輯控制應(yīng)用的有關(guān)方面，突出的重要點之一是: 因為它弄短工程發(fā)展的時間，所以模糊邏輯被用。料想不到的越軌和實際的反常事物不可避免發(fā)生。這是非常重要的一點。模糊邏輯方式概念化并實現(xiàn)控制系統(tǒng)是比較容易。(當(dāng)將會在下面被見到之時, 回應(yīng)使控制成環(huán)哪里被牽涉,圖解式三角形的使用能幫助看得見而且計算這個輸入 輸出的行動)。3)寫一個電腦程式給對輸入有所反應(yīng)而且決定輸出,分開的考慮每個輸入。為了要產(chǎn)生一部被建立模糊邏輯控制系統(tǒng)的個人計算機(jī)，我們：1)決定輸入。對于一個人類，如果陣雨水太溫暖,那么就準(zhǔn)備稍微使溫度下降下去。1 高和如果然后我的計劃陳述告訴我有二個高的人和一個矮人。6 和 639。計算機(jī)類比輸入測量的結(jié)果說,雨水是我的計劃112度和“如果 然后”：我見到二個高的人和一個短的。計算機(jī)輸入會是計算機(jī)測定,讓我們說,112 度 。模糊邏輯控制輸入人類和被建立模糊邏輯機(jī)器控制的計算機(jī)，計算機(jī)像人類的模糊邏輯控制,但是當(dāng)計算機(jī)的輸入性質(zhì)被考慮的時候有一種不同的特性。然而，人類通常接受,處理而且有所反應(yīng)較多的輸入超過被建立模糊邏輯控制器的典型計算機(jī)。一個英特網(wǎng)搜尋引擎歸還超過16,000 頁，當(dāng)你搜尋的時候在模糊+邏輯。在美國，模糊邏輯控制正在得到名聲, 但是不是同樣地廣泛地使用，像在日本一樣。而這是人類直升飛機(jī)飛行員無法作到的?？刂瓶赡苁情g斷的信號或者是持續(xù)的控制流。在你空調(diào)里面的溫度檢測器是一個控制系統(tǒng)。用從前的傳統(tǒng)方法是無法定義和解決這些問題的。模糊邏輯的進(jìn)步，從一開始，模糊系統(tǒng)就是在不斷應(yīng)用和重要性中發(fā)展起來的，現(xiàn)在，這已經(jīng)是應(yīng)用廣泛的概念。向模糊邏輯控制系統(tǒng)輸入的各種輸入數(shù)據(jù)是由現(xiàn)實世界中得來的。在計算機(jī)中輸入了各個適當(dāng)?shù)某绦?，那么模糊邏輯控制器就可以進(jìn)行監(jiān)測和控制各種輸入。模糊邏輯控制器可以控制摩托車和其他的一些東西并進(jìn)行持續(xù)的反饋控制。模糊邏輯系統(tǒng)無須變成一個電子機(jī)械系統(tǒng)。一個模糊邏輯控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該簡單成“如果摩托車的缸體溫度有點太高，那么就應(yīng)該關(guān)掉熱源如發(fā)動機(jī)等。要想制造一個模糊系統(tǒng)，我們無須上述瑪達(dá)尼教授的模糊控制系統(tǒng)中的持續(xù)反饋系統(tǒng)。并且，這個系統(tǒng)有兩個輸出。這是科學(xué)發(fā)展歷史上一個令人興奮并且重要的時刻。流動動力機(jī)運行的速度控制的很好。并且載入了歷史?，斶_(dá)尼教授和他的學(xué)生決定用模糊邏輯來試一試。那就意味著達(dá)到了電氣工程領(lǐng)域的頂尖。它的速度不是太快，就是太慢，無法與其他器件相配套。世界上的第一個模糊邏輯控制器。它是由模糊集合組成的。討論范圍—拿女人當(dāng)例子，如果我們談到女人，那么各個地方的女人都成了我們談?wù)?