【正文】 % 24% AML 63% 31% Oksanen et al ., 1994 AML 38% 17% 21% 3% % % * Saarinen et al ., 1993 Leukaemics 30% 0% 10% 0% % % BedfordRussell et al ., 1993 Neonates % 0% Myllyla et al ., 1993 Renal 67% 19% Leukaemics 52% 0% AML 18% % AlMomen et al ., 1992 Leukaemics % van Prooijen et al ., 1991 Leukaemics % % 82% van Marwijk Kooy et al ., Leukaemics 42% 7% 46% 11% 1991 Overall Means: % % % 6% % % 82% * Authors found additional cost savings in terms of length of hospital stay (2341% reduction) and total charges (1041% reduction) in the leucocyte depleted arm ? 造成血小板減少的病人出血之原因，除了血小板數(shù)目外，很多其它的臨床癥狀也要考慮，例如敗血癥，尿毒癥，凝血功能異常，以及藥物的影響等。 System provides innovative protection for the military’s intake systems in harsh conditions during operation “Desert Storm”. 1993 The BB25 breathing circuit filter, developed by Pall to prevent contamination of ventilating equipment. It bees critically important in fighting the spread of SARS and Avian Flu. 1995 Pall Corporation introduces the DV50, the first validated virus retention cartridge filter for the pharmaceutical industry. 2022 Pall’s Acrodose? PL System is introduced to increase the safety and availability of lifesaving platelets. Tomorrow Pall products will continue to protect mission critical systems in even the harshest environments. Filters Used for Blood Components Administration Type of Filter Removal Characteristic Clot Screen Pore size of 170 um Microaggregate Pore size of 20 40 um Leukocyte removal Rate on the efficiency of leukocyte remove not by pore size BLOOD FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY Microaggregate Leucocyte reduction red cells platelets salvaged blood Blood bank filters Bedside (hospital) filters TransfusionAssociated LeukocyteMediated Morbidity Walker JH. Amer J Clin Path 88:3748, 1987 N o A d v e rs eR e a ct i o n s81%2 4 T y p e s o f A d v e rs e R e a ct i o n s19%TRANSFUSIONS Nearly 1 in 5 transfusions are associated with an adverse reaction C M V s e r o c o n v e r s i o n7%A l l o i m m u n i za t i o n10%N H F T R0 . 5 %R e m a i n i n g1 . 7 %Frequency of Occurrence DoseResponse for Transfusion and Infection Patients transfused with 1 to 4 units have infectious plications rates approaching 20%. DoseResponse Relationship Allogeneic Transfusion and Infection A single transfused unit has been correlated with significantly increased infectious plications approximating 15%. CLINICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINATING LEUCOCYTES HLA Alloimmunisation Reactions Platelet Graft Refractoriness Rejection Viral Transmission Cytomegalovirus (CMV) EBV, HTLV I amp。 filter media are introduced to protect cardiac patients from microemboli, improving post operative outes. A Culture of Innovation 1979 PMM174。 輸血過(guò)濾器的臨床應(yīng)用 陳育新 Military Aircraft Engine Intake Air Royal Navy Sea King Helicopter filtered by PALL Filtration 1230 Leo Yang Pall TWN Sciences Wele to Pall Corporation Pall is All Around You Ensuring the purity and clarity of the wine, beer and water you drink Pall is All Around You Helping to make vaccines pure and safe A Culture of Innovation 1946 Dr Pall invents porous stainless steel and founds the pany that will bee Pall Corporation. 1958 Pall’s Filters provide protection for hydraulic systems on Jupiter C booster. 1959 Rigimesh174。 filter media is developed by Pall for the protection of Boeing 707 hydraulic systems. 1969 Pall develops a spacesuit heat exchanger and lunar module filtration for the Apollo 11 mission. 1971 Blood filters based on the Pall Ultipor174。 filter media is developed as a cleanup solution for Three Mile Island site. 1988 Pall introduces its leukoreduction filters to bat posttransfusion fever and allergic reactions. 1989 Pall’s Scientific and Laboratory Services develops filtration and maintenance standards for hydraulics systems on the Eurotunnel boring machines, ensuring reliable operation under challenging environmental conditions. 1990 Dr. Pall is awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Gee Bush Sr. A Culture of Innovation 1991 The Pall CentriSep174。 II, Varicella zoster Immune Suppression Post Cancer Latent Operative Recurrence Viral Infection Reactivation Contaminating Leucocytes Benefits o f UL R t o P atients and Ho spi tals Esta blished Susp ect ed Pl ausi b l e bu t no t w e l l studie d Re duc e a ll oim muni za tion a nd a s s oc ia ted pl a tel e t r e fra c torine s si , ii , iii ? ? M or t g a g i ng t he f ut u r e o f t r ans f usi on r eci pi ents w ho m ay g o o n t o be e candi dates f or t r an spl ant s A t tenua ted CMV infe c tion a nd dis e a s eiv , v , vi ? ? Hi g h r i s k pa t i ents ( e. g. , n eon at es) m ay r ecei v e ser one g at i v e pr o duct s w i t h f al se neg a t i v e r at es as hi g h as 1. 3 %vi i or ev en 4. 5%vi i i A b roga te FNHT Rix , x , xi , x i i , x i i i ?? Se l dom i s a hi st or y o f F NH T R av ai l abl e nor can suc h r eac t i ons b e pr edi ct ed and t here ar e cos t s as soc i at e d