【正文】 s Lactobacillus buclneri Streptococcus salivarius Streptococcus salivarius lactobacillus cellobiosus Streptococcus mitior Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus acidophilus Neisseria sp. Cariogenic bacteria ? Rats raised under bacteriafree conditions did not develop caries ? In 1960 Keyes performed a series of experiments that established dental caries as infectious disease Diagram of caries formation due to passage of bacteria from rat dams to their pups, elimination of the disease by treatment of animals with antibiotics, and the occurrence of caries following various types of inoculations. The infection was reintroduced by contact with infected animals, inoculation with isolated strains of “cariesinducing”streptococci, and transfer of bacterial plaque or feces. DR. ROBERT KOCH The agent must be present in every case of the disease。 tooth Sub strate The four circles diagrammatically represent the factors involved in the carious four factors must act concurrently (overlapping of the circles)for caries to occur time no caries no caries no caries no caries caries Caries requires a susceptible host, a cariogenic oral flora and a suitable substrate that must be present for a sufficient length of time Saliva the term saliva refers to the mixture of secretions in the oral carity ?Saliva is produced day and night and it is constantly swallowed ?Saliva is present as a proteinaceous film covering all surfaces of oral cavity This mixture consists of fluids derived from ? the major salivary glands ? minor glands of oral mucose ? traces from gingival exudate Effect of desalivation on incidence and extent caries in animals Effect of desalivation on caries in hamsters Gruop No. hamsters Avg. no. carious teeth Avg. caries score Intact Salivary glands 20 Desalivated* 10 *Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Decreased salivary flow and caries in humans ?Sarcoidosis ?Sjogren’s syndrome ?Tharapeutic radiation Hydrogen ion Buffering ability Calcium Inanic phosphate Fluoricle Inanic ponents Organic ponents mucins Glycoproteins Statherin and acidic prolinerich proteins amylase Antrmicrobial proteins Saliva and dental caries the quantity of saliva associated with caries experience Relationship between salivary characteristics and caries prevalence Property Relationship Property Relationship Flow rate 177。 etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of inherited craniofacialoraldental diseases and disorders. ., ectodermic, dysplasia, cleft lip and palate, amelogenesis imperfect, dentin genesis imperfect, osteogenesis imperfect, and other inherited diseases. Inherited disease and disorders Hereditary hypoplasia Hereditary aplasia of the enamel ? dental caries ? Periodontitis ? Oral candidiasis ? Herpes ? Hepatitis,HIV/AIDS Infections diseases Viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic such as Diseased Periodontium Primary herpetic stomatitis Candidal stomatitis Neoplastic disease Supports basic, patient oriented, and munitybased research on the etiology, pathogenesis and metastasis, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment of oral and pharyngeal neoplastic diseases Chronic disabling diseases The full range of research involving chronic disabling disease associated with the craniofacialoraldental plex This includes osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and related bone disorders, temporomandible joint diseases and disorders, neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases including those involving oral sensory and motor functions and autoimmune diseases such as sj214。Art Dentaire Pierre Fauchard at the Academie Nationale de Chirurgie Dentaire 22 Rue Emile Menier, 75116, Paris France He prescribed oil of cloves and cinnamon for pulpitis. He described partial dentures and full dentures in his text. He constructed dentures with springs and used human teeth. Gold dowels were used in root canals filled with lead. He was also known as Father of Orthodontics. Fauchard died in 1768 at the age of 83. 1763 John Baker, . Surgeon Dentist. The earliest qualified dentist to practice in Boston and in America. 1836 . Arsenic introduced for the killing of pulps, by Spooner. 1840 . The American Society of Dental Surgeons, first national dental anization. The Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, the first school in the world for the training of dentists was founded by Harris and Harden. Founded by Harris and Harden 1859 . Organization of American Dental Association on a representative basis. 1890 . Miller propose a chemicalbacteria Paraanism theory to explain the mechanism of caries 1891 . Extension for prevention and scientific cavity preparation promulgated by . Black. 1892 . The establishment of a threeyear course in dental colleges. 1906 . Einhorn remends novacaine and adrenalin bination for local anesthesia. 1915 . McKay and Black publish results of investigation of fluoride in drinking water. 1956 . Airrotor drill, 250,000 RPM Dr. Robert Borden. Stomatology in China before 1949 ? West China University (1910) ? Shanghai Second University(1920) ? 4th Military Medical University(1935) ? Beijing University(1943) Shanghai Second University West China University 1918(School 1910) The first dental school in China was founded in West China Medical University in 1917. . Lindsay A. W. Lindsay was teaching After 1949 Hubei Medical College 1960 Founder Prof. Xia Liang Cai In recent 20 years, the science and techniques got great progress There are 1~2 faculties or dental schools in each province ? Carie