【正文】 管子的排列方式 管子在管板上的排列方式最常見(jiàn)的有 4種：正三角排列、轉(zhuǎn)角正三角形排列、正方形排8 列和轉(zhuǎn)角正方形排列。 殼程 圖 。其他類(lèi)型就不予解釋。適用場(chǎng)合為管、殼程溫差大，高溫，高壓。還有一種浮頭式換熱器也稱(chēng)為填料函式換熱器，其管束可自由伸縮，殼程和管程都可以拆開(kāi)清洗，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，適用管、殼程溫差大工況，但其耐壓、耐 溫及密封能力差，目前只是在低壓與小直徑的場(chǎng)合下使用。 浮頭式換熱器管束一端的管板可以自由移動(dòng)，不受溫差應(yīng)力的影響，其結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，內(nèi)浮頭密封困難，鍛件多，造價(jià)高。 固定管板式換熱器它結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、緊湊、造價(jià)低，往往是管板兼法蘭，適用于管、殼程溫差不大或管、殼程溫差大 ，但壓力不高，殼程介質(zhì)干凈或雖結(jié)垢但通過(guò)化學(xué)清洗能清除的場(chǎng)合。由于管殼式換熱器易于制造、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、處理量大、成本較低6 以及可供選用的材料范圍廣泛，仍是當(dāng)前應(yīng)用最廣，理論研究和設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)最完善，性能可靠的一類(lèi)換熱器，所以這里我們重點(diǎn)研究這它們。因此，了解換熱器各方面知識(shí)是很有必要的。隨著工業(yè)裝置的大型化和高效率化，換熱器也趨于大型化。在煉油、化工裝置中換熱器占總設(shè)備數(shù)量的 40％左右，占總投資的30％ ～ 45％ 。 pressure test。 mapping and translation of some parts. Note on some of the main floating head heat exchanger and its application in the process of refining the position of chemical production, heat exchanger and the development of equipment and heat exchangers at home and abroad the latest development trends, at the same time introduced the structure of heat exchanger design, heat exchanger design of the structure of the main ponents and pressure vessels monly used materials. Finally, pressure vessel manufacturing, testing and acceptance of other issues also made a brief introduction. Calculated for some of the main cylinder, head, and carried out a detailed calculation of the flange, and its hydraulic test checking, but also on the heat exchanger tube sheet, baffle, such as a saddlerelated design calculation. In addition, see the related design manuals and a lot of literature, pleted the mapping of various parts, but also on the20,000 foreignlanguage characters for the translation work. Therefore, it is a parison of graduates with innovative design. Key words: Floating head heat exchanger。 關(guān)鍵詞： 浮 頭式換熱器；筒體；壓力試驗(yàn)；校核 Abstract With the oil of the rapid development of the chemical industry, heat exchanger equipment in the petrochemical industry occupies an important part and status. Is a heat exchanger to achieve energy transfer between the materials of the equipment, mainly for the design of the floating head heat exchanger, floating head heat exchangers are shell and tube heat exchanger type is the use of 2 partitions so that hightemperature fluid and lowtemperature fluid for convective heat transfer in order to achieve the heat transfer between materials. In the design of the whole process, in strict accordance with GB1501998 Steel Pressure Vessels and GB1511999 shell and tube heat exchanger and other standards for the design and calculation. As well as the heat exchanger strength, stiffness and stability of the check. The design includes four parts: that part of it。除此之外，還參閱相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)及大量的文獻(xiàn)，完成了各個(gè)零件圖的繪制，還對(duì)兩萬(wàn)字符的外文進(jìn)行了翻譯等工作。最后對(duì)壓力容器的制造，檢驗(yàn)和驗(yàn)收等問(wèn)題也作了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。 本設(shè)計(jì)包括四個(gè)部分：說(shuō)明部分；計(jì)算部分；繪圖部分和翻譯部分。 在設(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)過(guò)程中，嚴(yán)格按照 GB1501998《鋼制壓力容器》和 GB1511999《管殼式換熱器》等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算。1 摘 要 隨著石油化工行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，換熱器在石化行業(yè)設(shè)備中占據(jù)著重要的部分和地位。換熱器是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)物料之間能量傳遞的設(shè)備，本設(shè)計(jì)主要是針對(duì)的浮頭式換熱器，浮頭式換熱器屬于管殼式換熱器的一種，是利用間壁使高溫流體和低溫流體進(jìn)行對(duì)流傳熱從而實(shí)現(xiàn)物料間的熱量傳遞。以及對(duì)換熱器的強(qiáng)度，剛度和穩(wěn)定性的校核。說(shuō)明部分主要闡述了浮頭式 換熱器的工藝流程及其在煉油化工生產(chǎn)中的地位，換熱器設(shè)備及其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和國(guó)內(nèi)外換熱器的最新發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，同時(shí)介紹了換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，換熱器主要零部件結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)及壓力容器常用材料等。計(jì)算部分主要針對(duì)筒體，封頭，和法蘭進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)計(jì)算，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了水壓試驗(yàn)校核，還對(duì)換熱器的管板，折流板，鞍座等進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。因此，這是份比較具有創(chuàng)新性的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。 calculation part。 cylinder。 check 3 目 錄 1 前言 ..................................................... 1 管殼式換熱器的分類(lèi) .......................................... 1 管殼式換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................... 2 管束 .................................................... 2 殼程 .................................................... 3 管子的排列方式 .......................................... 3 管板 .................................................... 3 折流板與折流桿 .......................................... 3 管殼式換熱器相關(guān)分析 ........................................ 4 傳熱系數(shù) ................................................ 4 平均溫差 ................................................ 4 流體流速 ................................................ 4 流體壓降 ................................................ 4 振動(dòng) .................................................... 4 其他 .................................................... 4 提高管殼式換熱器傳熱能力的措施 .............................. 5 管殼式換熱器工作原理 ........................................ 6 管殼式換熱器的發(fā)展 .......................................... 7 板式支承結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展 ...................................... 7 桿式支承結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展 ...................................... 7 空心環(huán)支承結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................... 8 管式自支承 .............................................. 9 管殼式換熱器特點(diǎn) ........................................... 10 4 管殼式與其他換熱器的比較 ................................... 11 腐蝕與防護(hù) ................................................. 14 換熱器腐蝕的原因 ....................................... 14 管殼式換熱器的防腐蝕措施 ............................... 16 換熱器設(shè)計(jì)軟件簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................ 19 ................................................... 20 HTRI .................................................. 21 ASPEN PLUS B— JAC ..................................... 22 結(jié)語(yǔ) ...................................................... 23 2 設(shè)計(jì)部分 ................................................. 24 浮頭式換熱器筒體的計(jì)算： ................................... 24 計(jì)算條件 ............................................... 24 厚度的計(jì)算 ............................................. 24 前后端管箱封頭的計(jì)算 ....................................... 25 設(shè)計(jì)條件 ............................................... 25 厚度計(jì)算 ............................................... 25 壓力試驗(yàn)應(yīng)力校核 ....................................... 26 壓力試驗(yàn)應(yīng)力校核 ....................................... 27 帶法蘭無(wú)折邊球形封頭及法蘭計(jì)算 ............................. 27 設(shè)計(jì)條件 ............................................... 27 厚度計(jì)算 ............................................... 28 管子排列方式的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................... 31 開(kāi)孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng)的計(jì)算 ............................................. 31 筒體開(kāi)孔所需的補(bǔ)強(qiáng)面積要求 ............................. 32 5 在有效補(bǔ)強(qiáng)范圍內(nèi)作為補(bǔ)強(qiáng)的截面積 ..