【正文】
工藝得到相當(dāng)圓滿的發(fā)展,這主要是由于幾個(gè)主要制造商努力的結(jié)果。油加熱器和冷卻器、再沸器以及各種原油餾分和有關(guān)的有機(jī)流體的冷凝 器這些設(shè)備需要在惡劣的野外條件下運(yùn)行,流體常常不干凈而且又要求高溫和高壓,因此,設(shè)備便于清洗和進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場修理是絕對(duì)需要的。經(jīng)過長期的運(yùn)用,使設(shè)計(jì)變得相當(dāng)成熟和專業(yè)化。在工程設(shè)計(jì)中,除盡量選用定型系列產(chǎn)品外,也常按其特定的條件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),以滿足工藝上的需要(得到適合工況下最合理最有效也最經(jīng)濟(jì)的便于生產(chǎn)制造的換熱器等等)。 管殼式 換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),是為了保證換熱器的質(zhì)量和運(yùn)行壽命,必須考慮很多因素,如材料、壓力、溫度、壁溫差、結(jié)垢情況、流體性質(zhì)以及檢修與清理等等來選擇某一種合適的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。 換熱設(shè)備在煉油、石油化工以及在其他工業(yè)中使用廣泛,它適用于冷卻、冷凝、加熱、蒸發(fā)和廢熱回收等各個(gè)方面。 在換熱器中,至少有兩種溫度不同的流體,一種流體溫度較高,放出熱量;另一種流體則溫度較低,吸收熱量。 設(shè)計(jì)的目的與意義 換熱器是將熱流體的部分熱量傳遞給冷流體的設(shè)備, 以實(shí)現(xiàn)不同溫度流體間的熱能傳遞, 又稱熱交換器。因此,這種換熱器也稱為管殼式換熱器。這使得它在各種換熱設(shè)備的競相發(fā)展中得以繼續(xù)存在下來。其中,列管式換熱器被作為一種傳統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)換熱設(shè)備,在許多工業(yè)部門被大量采用。 緊湊式換熱器主要包括螺旋板式換熱器、板式換熱器等。 工業(yè)上最常見的換熱器是間壁式換熱器。此類換熱器結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,可耐高溫,常用于高溫氣體熱量的回收或冷卻。此類換熱器是借助于熱容量較大的固體蓄熱體,將熱量由熱流體傳給冷流體。常見的設(shè)備有涼水塔、洗滌塔、文氏管及噴射冷凝器等。在此類換熱器中,冷、熱流體相互接觸,相互混合傳遞熱量。將在后面做重點(diǎn)介紹。該類換熱器適用于冷、熱流體不允許直接接觸的場合。 間壁式換熱器又稱表面式換熱器或間接式換熱器。 按用途它可分為加熱器、冷卻器、冷凝器、蒸發(fā)器和再沸器等。 換熱器 換熱器是化工、石油、食品及其他許多工業(yè)部門的通用設(shè)備,在生產(chǎn)中占有重要地位。 列管式換熱器中,由于兩流體的溫度不同,使管束和殼體的溫度也不相同,因此它們的熱膨脹程度也有差別。為提高殼程流體流速,往往在殼體內(nèi)安裝一定數(shù)目與管束相互垂直的折流擋板。管束的壁面即為傳熱面。 關(guān)鍵詞: 管殼式換熱器課程設(shè)計(jì) 管殼式換熱器使用范圍 管殼式換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 化工與材料學(xué)院 09級(jí)本科生化工機(jī)械設(shè)備課程設(shè)計(jì) II Structure design of shellandtube heat exchanger Abstract Student in course design theory is a good opportunity of integrating theory with practice,this experim ent on the course design of shellandtube heat exchanger, industrial production, mastering and understanding concepts such as energy conservation, effciency, environmental protection. Heat exchanger in oil refining, petrochemical, and widely used in other industries, it is suitable for cooling, heating, evaporation and condensation, heat recovery, and various other aspects. Among them, shellandtube heat exchanger in the heat transfer efficiency, size of equipment and metal consumption than other new type of heatexchange equipment, but it has a strong structure, flexibility, high reliability, widely used and so on, so the project is still being widely used. Structure design of shellandtube heat exchanger, is to ensure that the heat exchanger and the quality of life, you must consider many factors, such as material, pressure, temperature and wall temperature difference, scaling, fluid properties, as well as maintenance and cleaning, and so on to choose an appropriate structure. With a form of heat exchangers, for a variety of conditions, often used structures are not the same. In engineering design, apart from used as far as possible the training series, often designed according to their specific conditions, to meet the needs of technology (supported by most reasonable under suitable conditions the most effective and most economic manufacture of heat exchangers, and so on). Key words: Course design of shellandtube heat exchanger Shellandtube heat exchanger use Structure design of shellandtube heat exchanger 化工與材料學(xué)院 09級(jí)本科生化工機(jī)械設(shè)備課程設(shè)計(jì) 1 目 錄 摘要 ................................................. Ⅰ ABSTRACT ............................................ Ⅱ 1 前言 ................................................ 1 概述 ............................................... 1 換熱器的類型 ..................................... 1 換熱器 ........................................... 1 設(shè)計(jì)的目的與意義 ................................... 2 管殼式換熱器的發(fā)展史 ............................... 2 管殼式換熱器的國內(nèi)外概況 ........................... 3 殼層強(qiáng)化傳熱 ....................................... 3 管層強(qiáng)化傳熱 ....................................... 3 提高管殼式換熱器傳熱能力的措施 ...................... 4 設(shè)計(jì)思路、方法 ..................................... 5 換熱器管形的設(shè)計(jì) ................................. 5 換熱器管徑的設(shè)計(jì) ................................. 5 換熱管排列方式的設(shè)計(jì) ............................. 5 管、殼程分程設(shè)計(jì) ................................. 5 折流板的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ................................. 5 化工與材料學(xué)院 09級(jí)本科生化工機(jī)械設(shè)備課程設(shè)計(jì) 2 管、殼程進(jìn)、出口的設(shè)計(jì) .......................... 6 選材方法 ......................................... 6 管殼式換熱器的選型 ............................. 6 流徑的選擇 ..................................... 8 流速的選擇 ..................................... 9 材質(zhì)的選擇 ..................................... 9 管程結(jié)構(gòu) ....................................... 9 2 殼體直徑的確定與殼體壁厚的計(jì)算 ................. 11 管徑 ........................................... 11 管子數(shù) n......................................... 11 管子排列方式,管間距的確定 ...................... 11 換熱器殼體直徑的確定 ............................ 11 換熱器殼體壁厚計(jì)算及校核 ......................... 11 3 換熱器封頭的選擇及校核 ......................... 14 4 容器法蘭的選擇 ................................ 15 5 管板 .......................................... 16 管板結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 .................................... 16 管板與殼體的連接 ................................ 16 管板厚度 .................................... 16 化工與材料學(xué)院 09級(jí)本科生化工機(jī)械設(shè)備課程設(shè)計(jì) 3 6 管子拉脫力的計(jì)算 .............................. 18 7 計(jì)算是否安裝膨脹節(jié) ............................ 20 8 折流板設(shè)計(jì) .................................... 22 9 開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng) ...................................... 25 10支座 ......................................... 27 群座的設(shè)計(jì) ..................................... 27 基礎(chǔ)環(huán)設(shè)計(jì) ..................................... 29 地角圈的設(shè)計(jì) ................................... 30 符號(hào)說明 ....................................... 32 參考文獻(xiàn) ....................................... 34 謝辭 ........................................... 35 化工與材料學(xué)院 09級(jí)本科生化工機(jī)械設(shè)備課程設(shè)