enrinology內(nèi)分泌總論-展示頁(yè)
2025-05-26 01:40本頁(yè)面
【正文】 The most mon cause of hormone excess syndromes is hyperfunction of endocrine glands secondary to tumors of the glands or hyperplasia of several causes. Metabolic disorders ? Diabetes mellitus ? Hypoglycemia ? Hyperuricemia and gout ? Disorders of lipid metabolism ? Nutritional/vitamin deficiencies Symptoms and signs of endocrine and metabolic diseases ? Hormones affect the function of all tissues and an systems. ? Consequently, the symptoms and signs of endocrine disease are extremely diverse. ? They may vary from generalized, such as fatigue, to localized, such as weakness of the extraocular muscles. Generalized symptomes ? Weakness and fatigue ? Mental changes ? Unintended weight loss ? Weight gain ? Abnormal body temperature Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortex Symptomes ? Ophthalmic abnormalities ? Abnormal skin pigmentation ? Hirsutism ? Gyneastia ? Galactorrhea ? Abnormal appetite ? Diarrhea Symptomes ? Anemia ? Tachycardia and bradycardia ? Polyuria ? Amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea ? Infertility ? Bone pain and pathologic fracture Hyposecretion of TH ?GH = pituitary dwarfism Physical and laboratory examination and diagnosis History and physical examination ? Many syndromes of hormonal excess or deficiency display manifestations that are readily apparent at the time of initial presentation, ., severe thyrotoxicosis and cushing’s syndrome. ? In other instances, the clinial presentation is more subtle and the physician must rely on laboratory testing to establish a diagnosis. Laboratory testing ? The level of free rather than total hormone is usually the best index of the effective hormone concentration in plasma. ? A measurement of the 24h urine free cortisol usually provides a reasonable estimate of the integrated levels of free plasma hormone. 正常人 75502502550751002400 0800 1600 庫(kù)欣病患者 1520253035402400 0800 1600 正常人和庫(kù)欣患者的血 F晝夜節(jié)律 Clinical interpretation ? The clinicians must remember that in both mormal subjects and patients with endocrine and other diseases, hormone levels are extensively regulated. ? For instance, plasma insulin lev
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