【正文】 .......................................................... 41 毛坯尺寸下料 ..................................................................................... 41 二次精確下料 ..................................................................................... 41 球瓣的壓制 ......................................................................................... 41 現(xiàn)場裝配與焊接 ........................................................................................... 42 施工準備 ............................................................................................ 42 組裝準備 ............................................................................................ 43 上下支柱的連接 ................................................................................ 44 內(nèi)腳手架、外防護棚的搭設(shè) ............................................................ 45 球罐的安裝程序 ................................................................................ 45 6 球罐的焊接 工藝 ..................................................................................................... 46 焊接工藝評定 ................................................................................................ 46 焊工資格 ........................................................................................................ 46 沈陽理工大學學士學位論文 VI 施焊環(huán)境 ........................................................................................................ 46 焊前準備 ........................................................................................................ 46 焊件的預(yù)熱 .................................................................................................... 47 定位焊和工裝夾具焊接 ................................................................................ 47 焊接工藝的選擇 ............................................................................................ 47 焊接方法的選擇 ................................................................................. 47 焊接材料選擇 ..................................................................................... 47 坡口設(shè)計 ............................................................................................. 48 坡口加工方法及清除 ......................................................................... 49 焊條的選擇 ......................................................................................... 49 焊接工藝參數(shù) ..................................................................................... 49 焊接順序 ............................................................................................. 50 焊縫的類型 ................................................................................................... 52 焊后熱處理 ................................................................................................... 53 7 焊件的質(zhì)量檢查 ..................................................................................................... 55 焊縫外觀質(zhì)量檢查要求 ................................................................................ 55 焊接接頭的無損檢測 .................................................................................... 55 致密性檢查，水壓試驗和氣密性試驗 ........................................................ 55 結(jié)構(gòu)整體的耐壓試驗 .................................................................................... 56 去銹、涂裝 .................................................................................................... 56 球罐成品驗收 ................................................................................................ 56 8 結(jié)論 ......................................................................................................................... 59 致 謝 ........................................................................................................................... 59 參考文獻 ..................................................................................................................... 60 附錄 A ......................................................................................................................... 61 附錄 B.......................................................................................................................... 78 沈陽理工大學學士學位論文 1 1 緒論 引言 隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的迅猛 發(fā)展，焊接已成為機械制造等行業(yè)中一種越來越重要的加工工藝手段。 關(guān)鍵詞： 球罐 ； 安全 ； 經(jīng)濟 ；焊接 沈陽理工大學學士學位論文 II Abstract The design Of 3000m3 liquid ammonia spherical tank is basis on both the GB123372020 《 steel spherical tanks 》 and GB1502020 《 design of steel pressure vessel》 , considering the existing manufacturing technology of tanks both at home and abroad. In the principles of safety ， consideration of product quality and construction feasibility, the existing building technology and other factors, at last the spherical tank is designed for nominal diameter 18000mm、 wall thickness 44mm. The selection of materials in this design is in consideration, pared with some different properties of materials， finally the Q345R has be , the design and selection of the spherical support is in consideration，finally hybrid strucure and adjustable tension support seems to be the most reasonable. Finally the strength and stability test, the result shows this design of structure is safe and economic. Based on the spherical tank welding materials analysis to determine the welding materials and welding methods. According to different characteristics of each weld, developed a specific welding seam of each sequence and groove type, and selected welding parameters. After the installation and welding of the spherical container, there need to conduct process when the welding finished, which include nondestructive testing, postweld heat treatment, and the pressure test, and so on. In the paper, they were conducted a brief analysis and exposition, and were introduced the corresponding resolve methods and attention matters. Keywords: spherical tank； safety； wel