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單相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的研究(本科畢業(yè)論文)-展示頁

2025-03-16 03:14本頁面
  

【正文】 電 ,并 直接將交流電輸入電網(wǎng)中 ,省去蓄電池儲能和釋放的過程 ,可充分利用光伏所發(fā)的電能?,F(xiàn)今的并網(wǎng)逆變器還需更可靠性化、更效率化、更智能化。全世界并網(wǎng)式光伏系統(tǒng)年在世界范圍內(nèi)的年增長率可 2530%,可見并網(wǎng)式光伏發(fā) 電系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)今開發(fā)太陽能發(fā)電的發(fā)展方向。從結(jié)構(gòu)特征上看,太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)可以分為三種 采用電流型控制的光伏模塊 的最大功率控制 2 基本類型:獨立型、并網(wǎng)型和混合型光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) [7]。 太陽輻射的能 量中被地球最終接收的可達到 1024焦耳,如果這些能量的十萬分之一能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸蝗藗兎奖憷玫碾娔?,就基本上能滿足了目前全世界的用電需求 [6]。同時以煤為主的不可再生的能源結(jié)構(gòu)在環(huán)境方面也給我國造成了很大困擾。 我國現(xiàn)今正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化進程加快的時期,且正進一步擴大經(jīng)濟規(guī)模,對能源需求持續(xù)呈現(xiàn)大幅度上升趨勢,但國內(nèi)可利用資源相對短缺,這對能源供給形成了巨大的挑戰(zhàn),為緩解供求矛盾,石油天然氣的需長期大量依賴進口。且這種以不可再生的化石能源為主的世界能源消費結(jié)構(gòu)帶來的全球性的破壞力極大的能源環(huán)境問題,如酸雨、臭氧層破壞、海平面上升等,給我們的生活帶來了很大的困擾。但全球能源的消費依舊 是以不可再生的化石燃料為主,這導(dǎo)致化石能源枯竭來臨的那一天日益臨近,能源使用引發(fā)的生態(tài)污染也日益加重,這將是未來繼續(xù)困擾人們的一大問題 [3]。二是在不斷走向多元化的世界能源消費結(jié)構(gòu)的影響下,石油的消費早在 50 年前就超越了能源消費量最大的煤炭,且最近幾年和天然氣的消耗同呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)上升狀態(tài)。隨著經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展,能源消耗急劇增長,能源危機也越來越引起人們的關(guān)注,能源危機是我國 乃至全世界一個長久存在的嚴峻問題,它嚴重影響著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和環(huán)境的變化。 關(guān)鍵詞:光伏電池 ; 最大功率點跟蹤 ; 光伏逆變系統(tǒng) ;正弦脈沖調(diào)制技術(shù) II ABSTRACT With intensify of the energy crisis and environmental problems, the development of clean energy has got a promotion. The solar energy has a broad application because of its friendlyenvironmental advantage and renewable property. With the proposition of the Smart Grid, Distributed Power System has earned more attention. As an important form of Distributed Power System, photovoltaic inverter system is the key of the research in this field. This paper discusses the key techniques of photovoltaic inverter system on the basis of analysis of development and research hotspot of PV inverter system and traverses the main techniques such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) which has a direct influence on work efficiency and work condition and technology of PV inverter. In order to research PV inverter system, this paper builds an integral model, including PV battery model and DC/DC converter and DC/AC single phase inverter as well as corresponding control models. In order to improve the validity and the stability of the system, the paper uses a PV battery model whose output voltage changes with intensify of the illumination and the real time temperature. And this paper proposes a control method of MPPT on the basis of Boost converter and applies the Sinusoidal PWM in single phase inverter control. At last, we will build an integral PV inverter system by using Matlab/Simulink software, to get a verification and validation. Through many simulation experiments, the proposed photovoltaic inverter system design is correct and feasible. And the output indicators meet the design requirements. The system paves the road to the further implement and grid connection and has a high practical value. KEY WORDS: PV battery; maximum power point tracking (MPPT); PV inverter system; sinusoidal pulse width control (SPWM) III 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ............................................................................................................ 1 課題背景及意義 ......................................................................................... 1 光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器技術(shù)簡介 ......................................................................... 2 光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 ............................................. 3 本文主要研究 內(nèi)容 ..................................................................................... 4 第 2 章 光伏并網(wǎng)逆變系統(tǒng)分析 ............................................................................ 5 逆變器拓撲結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................................................................... 5 并網(wǎng)逆變器輸入方式 ................................................................................. 5 并網(wǎng)逆變器的隔離方式 ............................................................................. 6 并網(wǎng)逆變系統(tǒng)的方案及其工作原理 ........................................................ 7 光伏電池的原理及數(shù)學(xué)模型 ........................................................... 8 前級 Boost 升壓電路工作原理 ..................................................... 10 后級單相全橋逆變器的工作原理 ................................................. 11 最大功率點跟蹤模塊的原理及分析 ....................................................... 12 最大功率點跟蹤原理 ..................................................................... 12 爬山法 ............................................................................................ 13 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................... 15 第 3 章 光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的控制及實現(xiàn) .............................................................. 16 并網(wǎng)逆變器的 SPWM 技術(shù) ..................................................................... 16 SPWM 調(diào)制技術(shù)原理 .................................................................... 16 單相單極 性 SPWM 逆變器 ........................................................... 17 單相雙極性 SPWM 逆變器 ........................................................... 17 光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的輸出控制 ................................................................... 18 并網(wǎng)逆變器的控制目標 ................................................................. 18 并網(wǎng)逆變器的輸出控制模式 ......................................................... 18 并網(wǎng)電流閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型 ........................................................... 21 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................... 24 第 4 章 基于 SPWM 的并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng) MATLAB/Simulink 仿真 .............................. 25 單相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變系統(tǒng)的仿真 ............................................................... 25 光伏電池模型仿真 ................................................................................... 25 并網(wǎng)逆變系統(tǒng)的仿真 ............................................................................... 27 IV 系統(tǒng)仿真結(jié)果及分析 ............................................................................... 28 結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................................ 30 參 考 文 獻 ..................................................................................................
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