【正文】 各硬件模塊設(shè)計(jì)方法及系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)方法，給出了部分程序流程圖和程序清單。 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量通常有以下幾種傳感器可選：電渦流轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器、無源磁電轉(zhuǎn)速傳感 器、有源磁電轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器等。如 :低速測(cè)量是否需要檢測(cè)零轉(zhuǎn)速，高速測(cè)量的最高轉(zhuǎn)速，轉(zhuǎn)速發(fā)生的裝置情況。直接測(cè)量法是通過某種測(cè)量原理或效應(yīng)直接獲得速度量 , 如多普勒測(cè)速儀、空間濾波測(cè)速等。間接測(cè)量法是測(cè)量目標(biāo)的移動(dòng)距離 和時(shí)間 , 通過計(jì)算得到速度量 , 如光電測(cè)速、光柵測(cè)速、磁柵測(cè)速和圖像測(cè)速等，用于測(cè)量小型彈丸的天幕法和光幕法測(cè)速系統(tǒng)、用于車輛測(cè)速的激光測(cè)速儀，以及用于生產(chǎn)流水線上的光電脈沖測(cè)速方法等等 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 單片機(jī)； 光電轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器 ；轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量；數(shù)據(jù)處理； 1602液晶顯示器 II ?Abstract The rotate speed is one of the important parameters for the engine, and it is also the important factor that calculates other parameters. At present there are many methods for the tachometric survey measurement. After analyze various rotate speed measurement methods, the photoelectric sensor tachometric survey system is presented. The position and the principle of the system are presented, and the design method of hardware and the software are also presented. The whole system has the bigger promotion application value. Speeds measurements are usually several ： electric sensors optional lesson, speed sensor Magic and electric speed sensor source, there is a source Magic and electric speed sensor, etc. Specific needs, then what kind of sensor based on measurements of the speed required. For example, at the measuring whether we need to detect zero speed, high speed of the highest speeds, the device speed. the device speed has the following ： with standard line is getting on the m1 (～ m5) for speed has in turn, hinges on one tank The speed of scientific research in the measurement can be divided into two types of direct and indirect ； the the two categories. A direct measurement method is through a direct measurement of principle or effect, such as to speed the Doppler, space based on zero speed, etc. this method of the greatest advantage is responsive to the transient and equipment costs are high, and the physical environment. remote measurement method is to measure the distance and time through calculation, such as test speed display, light, speed, which the grille zero speed, and images, speed, for measuring small sky law of the law and light ?Key words： singlechip puter， photoelectric sensor， rotate speed measurement，data processing， 1602 Liquid Crystal Display 目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................ I 關(guān)鍵詞 ： ......................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... II 目 錄 .............................................................................................................III 第一章．緒 論 ................................................................................................. 1 第二章．系統(tǒng)組成及工作原理 ........................................................................... 2 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量原理 ............................................................................................................ 2 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)組成框圖 .............................................................................................. 2 第三章．系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................... 3 脈沖產(chǎn)生電路設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................... 3 光電轉(zhuǎn)換及信號(hào)調(diào)理電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 3 光電傳感器簡(jiǎn)介 ..................................................................................................... 4 光電轉(zhuǎn)換及信號(hào)調(diào)理電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 4 測(cè)量系統(tǒng)主機(jī)部分設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 6 單片機(jī) ................................................................................................................... 6 1602液晶顯示模塊設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 8 7 ...................................................................................................................................... 9 74Ls04反向器 ....................................................................................................... 11 串行通信模塊設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................13 第四章．系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 15 ............................................................................................................15 數(shù)據(jù)處理過程 ...........................................................................................................16 浮點(diǎn)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算程序 ....................................................................................................17 第五章．制作調(diào)試 .......................................................................................... 18 第六章．結(jié)果分析 .......................................................................................... 20 第七章．結(jié) 論 ............................................................................................... 20 致 謝 : ................................................................................... 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。近年來，由于世界范圍內(nèi)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量合理利用的日益重視，促使轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，各種新型的測(cè)量?jī)x表相繼問世并越來越多地得到應(yīng)用。由于技術(shù)保密，廠家不會(huì)提供詳細(xì)電路圖和源代碼，用戶很難自行進(jìn)行二次開發(fā)和改進(jìn)。 STC 89C52單片機(jī)采用了 CMOS工藝和高密度非易失性存儲(chǔ)器技術(shù)，而且其輸入 /輸出引腳和指令系統(tǒng)都與 MCS52兼容，是開發(fā)該系統(tǒng)的適合芯片。直接測(cè)量法是通過某種測(cè)量原理或效應(yīng)直接獲得速度量 , 如多普勒測(cè)速儀、空間濾波測(cè)速等。間接測(cè)量法是測(cè)量目標(biāo)的移動(dòng)距離和時(shí)間 , 通過計(jì) 算得到速度量 , 如光電測(cè)速、光柵測(cè)速、磁柵測(cè)速和圖像測(cè)速等，用于測(cè)量小型彈丸的天幕法和光幕法測(cè)速系統(tǒng)、用于車輛測(cè)速的激光測(cè)速儀，以及用于生產(chǎn)流水線上的光電脈沖測(cè)速方法等等 。設(shè)固定的測(cè)量時(shí)間為 Tc（ min），計(jì)數(shù)器計(jì)取的脈沖個(gè)數(shù) m，假定脈沖發(fā)生器每轉(zhuǎn)輸出 p個(gè)脈沖，對(duì)應(yīng)被測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)速為 N（ r/min），則f=pN/60Hz；另在測(cè)量時(shí)間 Tc內(nèi)，計(jì)取轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器輸出的脈沖個(gè)數(shù) m應(yīng)為 m=Tcf ，所以，當(dāng)測(cè)得 m值時(shí)，就可算出實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速值 [1]： N=60m/pTc (r/min) （ 1） 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)組成框圖 系統(tǒng)由信號(hào)預(yù)處理電路、單片機(jī) STC 89C5 1602液晶顯示模塊、串口數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)電路和系統(tǒng)軟件組成。對(duì)待測(cè)信號(hào)進(jìn)行放大的目的是降低對(duì)待測(cè)信號(hào)的幅度要求；波形變換和波形整形電路則用來將放大的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成可與單片 機(jī)匹配的 TTL信號(hào)；通過對(duì)單片機(jī)的編程設(shè)置可使內(nèi)部定時(shí)器 T0對(duì)輸入脈沖進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，這樣就能精確地算出加到