【正文】 the design of diaphragm caustic soda plant is very necessary. This design adopted a new electrolytic alkali production technology, the diaphragm electrolysis alkali production technology, in this design, to choose of diaphragm, electrolyser, caustic soda production includes the following processes: brine refining, evaporation alkali, solid alkali, chlorine gas design is aimed at the core of the process part of the electrolytic process for design thinking. This design instruction includes: principle and production process of caustic soda in the production of electrolytic, material and heat balance, main equipment design and selection, and workshop personnel arrangement principle, anticorrosion safety, etc. Through the design we finished other caustic soda production process Keywords: caustic soda ， diaphragm， electrolysis 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 目 錄 第 1 章 總論 …………… ………………………………………………… 1 概述??????????????????????????????? 1 意義與作用?????????????????????????? 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外的 差距、 現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展前景???????????? 2 國(guó)內(nèi) 金屬陽(yáng)極隔膜電解槽與國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平的差距 ??????? 2 國(guó)內(nèi) 金屬陽(yáng)極隔膜電解槽 的現(xiàn)狀 ????????????? ??? 2 隔膜電解法 的發(fā)展 ????????????????????? 3 相關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ?????????????????????? 3 產(chǎn)品性質(zhì)與用途?????????????????????????? 5 原材料規(guī)格及技術(shù)指標(biāo)??????????????????????? 5 原材料規(guī)格?????????????????????????? 5 技術(shù)指標(biāo)??????????????????????????? 6 我國(guó)燒堿工業(yè)存在的問(wèn)題 和 隔膜法與離子 膜法 的比較 ?????????? 6 我國(guó)燒堿工業(yè)存在的問(wèn)題????????????????? 7 隔膜法與離子膜法 的比較 ???????????????? 7 第 2 章 工藝流程…………………………………………………………… 9 電解工序的生產(chǎn)原理及工藝概述??????????????????? 9 工業(yè)上應(yīng)用電解原理制燒堿的幾種方法的比較??????????? 9 隔膜法?????????????????????????? 9 ??????????? ????????????? 10 離子交換膜法??????????????????????? 10 生產(chǎn)原理概述????????????????????????? 9 隔膜工作原理?????????????????????? 9 ?????????????????????? 10 工藝流程????????????????????????????? 12 具體工藝路線???????????????????????? 12 工藝流程示意圖??????????????????????? 13 第 3章 工藝計(jì)算…………………………………………………………… 14 電解車(chē)間物料衡算????????????????????????? 14 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 化學(xué)反應(yīng)平衡???????????????????????? 14 溶液上方蒸汽壓計(jì)算????????????????????? 13 送入電解槽鹽水量?????????????????????? 14 副反應(yīng)????????? ????????????????? 16 電解車(chē)間熱量衡算???????????????????????? 19 帶入電解槽熱量??????????????????????? 19 帶出電解槽熱量??????????????????????? 20 第 4章 主要設(shè)備選型和計(jì)算……………………………………………… 22 隔膜電解槽的選擇??????????????????????? 22 陰極與陽(yáng)極材料 的選擇???????????????????? 22 電解槽防腐蝕玻璃鋼的設(shè)計(jì)與制作 ??????????????? 23 精鹽水高位槽??????????????????????????? 26 精鹽水預(yù)熱器??????????????????????????? 27 電解堿液集中槽????????????????????????? 27 電解液貯槽???????????????????????????? 28 第 5章 非工藝部分………………………………………………………… 29 人員配備??????????????????? ????????? 29 車(chē)間布置???????????????????????????? 29 安全生產(chǎn)???????????????????????????? 30 安全產(chǎn)生注意事項(xiàng)?????????????????????? 30 安全措施?????????????????????????? 30 電解系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的防腐??????????????????????? 30 陽(yáng)極液系統(tǒng)的防腐?????????????????????? 30 陰 極液系統(tǒng)的防腐?????????????????????? 31 隔膜電解槽的防腐???????????? … ???????? 31 環(huán)保與三廢處理????????????????????????? 31 隔膜法燒堿節(jié)能減排措施?????????????????? 32 提高入槽鹽水質(zhì)量 ?????????????????????? 32 除槽時(shí)陰陽(yáng)極液的回收 ???????????????????? 32 降低蒸發(fā)工序動(dòng)力 電耗 ???????????????????? 33 第 6章技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)分析…………………………………………………… 34 主要工藝參數(shù)????????????? … ??????????? 34 成品固堿的組成????????????? … ????????? 34 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 各主要物料的實(shí)際消耗量???????????? … ?????? 34 主要產(chǎn)品及副產(chǎn)品????????????? … ???????? 35 工資及各項(xiàng)物料、能量?jī)r(jià)格表????????????????? 35 建設(shè)期每年資金投入????????????? … ??????? 36 投資估算?????????????? … ????????????? 36 各種費(fèi)用投資估算????????????? … ???????? 36 成本估算????????????? … ????????????? 37 各種成本費(fèi)用估算???????????? … ???????? 37 收入、稅金和利潤(rùn)????????????? … ????????? 38 收入、稅金和利潤(rùn)的計(jì) 算???????????? … ?????? 38 投資回收期?????????? … ????????????? 39 結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………… 41 參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………… 42 致謝………………………………………………………………………… 44 附錄………………………………………………………………………… 45 湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 1 第 1 章 總 論 概述 意義與作用 隔膜電解法與水銀電解法、離子膜電解法、比較總能耗 (包 括電、蒸氣 )最高；氫氧化鈉產(chǎn)品（固體）含有 3％左右的氯化鈉 ,不能用于人造絲與合成纖維的生產(chǎn)；隔膜所用的細(xì)微石棉纖維，吸入肺內(nèi)有損健康。t grasp the core elements of ionic membrane caustic soda ionic membrane. At present, the ion exchange resin membrane used in ionic membrane caustic soda unit all rely on imports, 10000 t/a ionic membrane device needs to be 100 m2, at present our country about 56000 m2 ion exchange resin membrane, only for film fee is 340 million yuan, high purchase film fees increase the cost of ionic membrane caustic soda production, caustic soda production 1 t an increase of 100 yuan. Compared with the developed countries, the production method of ionic membrane law continuous operation time is short, the problem of high energy consumption, in view of this, according to the caustic soda consumption level and the current situation of chloralkali production plant, metal anode diaphragm electrolyser and ionic membrane electrolyser will coexist in China for a long time. Although alkali ionic membrane law technology developing rapidly, but the diaphragm alkali technology legal system still need longer time to quit the historical stage. Diaphragm electrolysis alkali legal system the biggest advantage is less investment, short construction period, quick effect, management is relatively easy, mature technology。通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)我們完成了 10 萬(wàn)噸級(jí)別的燒堿的產(chǎn)生工藝設(shè)計(jì)。本次設(shè)計(jì)是針對(duì)該工藝的核心部分電解工藝進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)思考。因此，進(jìn)行隔膜燒堿廠的設(shè)計(jì)就很有必要了。設(shè)備均可采用國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備；在相同的產(chǎn)能條件下 ,具有設(shè)備數(shù)量少、投資少、見(jiàn)效快的優(yōu)勢(shì)。盡管離子膜法制堿技術(shù)發(fā)展迅猛 ,但隔膜法制堿技術(shù)要退出歷史舞臺(tái)還需較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。目前我國(guó)離子膜法燒堿裝置所用離子樹(shù)脂交換膜全部依賴進(jìn)口， 1 萬(wàn) t/a 離子膜法裝置需 100m2 計(jì)，目前我國(guó)大約需 56000m2 離子樹(shù)脂交換膜，僅購(gòu)膜費(fèi)用折合人民幣為 億元，高額的購(gòu)膜費(fèi)用增加了離子膜法燒堿的生產(chǎn)成本，生產(chǎn) 1t燒堿增加 100元。 （ 2020 屆）