【正文】 表現(xiàn)的一種獨(dú)立疾病，約占所有高血壓病人中的 90％。高血壓是 引起 動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和 冠心病 的重要危險(xiǎn)因素 之一 ，也是 催發(fā) 心力衰竭 的重要原因。 但是長(zhǎng)期的高血壓或者低血壓會(huì)帶來(lái)許多嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥。 如果血壓高于或低于正常值都會(huì)對(duì)身體造成傷害，而人體的血壓 與心輸出量 、外周血管阻力、血液的粘滯性、動(dòng)脈壁的彈性、心率等因素有關(guān)。 （ 2） 主動(dòng)脈壓 ：約 為 130/75；左心室約為 130/5；左心房約為 9/5；右心室為 25/0；右心房為 3/0；肺動(dòng)脈為 25/12。脈動(dòng)血壓一般用分?jǐn)?shù)形式來(lái)表示： 120/80。血壓的脈動(dòng)性也隨血管的直徑減小而降低，同時(shí)血壓值也逐漸減小到零 ???。血液由主動(dòng)脈通過(guò)許多動(dòng)脈杈之后到達(dá)各器官、腦和肢體。冠狀動(dòng)脈硬化會(huì)使心肌得不到充分的血液 供應(yīng)而梗塞，心肌的梗塞將使心臟失去泵血功能而導(dǎo)致死亡。 另一方面，泵本身工作是由心臟收縮來(lái)完成?；亓鞯难撼蔀殪o脈血，通過(guò)靜脈系統(tǒng)，最后從上、下腔靜脈進(jìn)入右心房。心肌收縮使血液從左心室泵出，通過(guò)主動(dòng)脈而送到全身 ， 此時(shí)血液對(duì)動(dòng)脈的壓力最高，稱(chēng)為收縮壓 ， 心室舒張 時(shí) ，動(dòng)脈血管彈性回縮，血液仍慢慢繼續(xù)向前流動(dòng)，但血壓下降，此時(shí)的壓力稱(chēng)為舒張壓。血壓是血液在 人體內(nèi) 血管流動(dòng)時(shí)，作用 在 血管壁 上的 壓力， 血壓 是推動(dòng)血液在 人體 血管內(nèi)流動(dòng)的動(dòng)力。隨著電子血壓計(jì)的發(fā)展，人們選擇電子血壓計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也越來(lái)越高，所以電子血壓計(jì)的更新?lián)Q代及其功能的人性化就成了電子血壓計(jì)的賣(mài)點(diǎn)。電子血壓計(jì)也逐漸取代了水銀血壓計(jì)的地位，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)也在使用電子血壓計(jì)來(lái)為就診的患者進(jìn)行測(cè)量，因?yàn)殡娮友獕河?jì)不需要造作人員有過(guò)硬的醫(yī)療經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而且電子血壓計(jì)可以進(jìn)行的數(shù)據(jù)讀入與 調(diào)出，可以很方便的讓患者進(jìn)行血壓動(dòng)態(tài)的觀察。二是此法測(cè)量的依據(jù)是人的聽(tīng)覺(jué)和對(duì)汞柱的觀察，這樣以來(lái)主觀因素大，容易因人不同造成血壓值測(cè)量的不同；人們需要一個(gè)方便，安全，便于操作的血壓計(jì)來(lái)實(shí)時(shí)的測(cè)量自己血壓。水銀血壓除了專(zhuān)業(yè)或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的操作人員其他人一般很難實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確，而且不能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己為自己測(cè)量，這樣也會(huì)造成諸多不便。并且隨著高血壓患者的逐年增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)，讓人們不得不越來(lái)越重視高血壓的預(yù)防及診斷。這類(lèi)電子產(chǎn)品都有共同的特點(diǎn)：操作簡(jiǎn)單、體積小、便于個(gè)人或家庭使用，從此便開(kāi)始了個(gè)人疾病預(yù)防的篇章。這樣健康問(wèn)題就越來(lái)越突出，更多的人也更加重視健康問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在個(gè)人收入的 一部分已經(jīng)開(kāi)始向醫(yī)療產(chǎn)業(yè)支出。 blood pressure monitor。t need others to help bind cuff and the use of stethoscope measurement data. As the updating and upgrading of portable electronic blood pressure monitor, the arm, wrist, etc all kinds of electronic sphygmomanometer, and into more functions and humanized service. People don39。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：血壓；電子 血壓計(jì)；單片機(jī) 便攜式電子血壓計(jì)設(shè)計(jì) ABSTRACT Rapid development of modern society, not only has brought the objective economic benefits, also led to the deterioration of our living environment. As people living standard rise, people also pay more attention to their health problems, and modern people because all sorts of bad living habits as well as the fast pace of life, lead to people39。 本設(shè)計(jì)的電子血壓計(jì)具有體型小、低功耗、誤差小、便于用戶(hù)操作等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，克服了水銀血壓計(jì)需專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)、不易攜帶等缺點(diǎn)。很好的起到了對(duì)“高血壓”的預(yù)防作用，也能使“高血壓 ”進(jìn)行及時(shí)的治療。隨著便攜式電子血壓計(jì)的更新與換代，出現(xiàn)了臂式、腕式等多種類(lèi)的電子血壓計(jì)，而且更多功能以及人性化的服務(wù)走進(jìn)千家萬(wàn)戶(hù)。整個(gè)測(cè)量過(guò)程比較復(fù)雜，且受人為因素影響誤差難以保證。即便人們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到“高 血壓”的危害，可是“高血壓”的患者還是逐年上升，有效、便捷的測(cè)量血壓，對(duì)人們及時(shí)了解人體狀況，更甚于可以進(jìn)行及早的防治與治療。其中“高血壓”就是比較典型的當(dāng)代都市病，“高血壓”的發(fā)病率與年齡成正比，而且跟地理分布、個(gè)人的飲食習(xí)慣、生活環(huán)境更甚于和個(gè)人的體重有直接的關(guān)系。便攜式電子血壓計(jì)設(shè)計(jì) 便攜式電子血壓計(jì)設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)快速的發(fā)展，不僅帶來(lái)了客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，還導(dǎo)致我們的生活環(huán)境日益惡化。隨著人們生活水平的提高，人們也更加注重自己的健康問(wèn)題，而現(xiàn)代人們由于各種不良的生活習(xí)慣以及快速的生活節(jié)奏，導(dǎo)致人們的健康問(wèn)題岌岌可危。所以人們對(duì)“高血壓”的防治，可以從培養(yǎng)健康的飲食習(xí)慣、加強(qiáng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、養(yǎng)成不抽煙，不喝酒的良好習(xí)慣等方面下手。 傳統(tǒng)的水銀血壓計(jì)需要配合聽(tīng)診器測(cè)量，由專(zhuān)業(yè)的醫(yī)護(hù)人員判斷出收縮壓、舒張壓。便攜式血壓計(jì)的出現(xiàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了非專(zhuān)業(yè)的醫(yī)護(hù)人員也可測(cè)量血壓的情況，便攜式電子血壓計(jì)操作簡(jiǎn)單，不需要他人幫助捆綁袖帶和使用聽(tīng)診器測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。人們現(xiàn)在不用 去醫(yī)院進(jìn)行血壓的檢測(cè)，在家就可以進(jìn)行每日的血壓測(cè)量及監(jiān)測(cè)。 本設(shè)計(jì)主要以 AT89C51 單片機(jī)為核心，用壓阻式壓力傳感器測(cè)得血壓值，經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號(hào)，經(jīng)過(guò)單片機(jī)處理后，顯示在液晶屏上。也克服了一般電子血壓計(jì)誤差大，沒(méi)有記憶功能，不能進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比等缺點(diǎn)，使用起來(lái)更加人性化，更加簡(jiǎn)單，適合各類(lèi)人群使用。s health is at stake. Among them hypertension is typical of contemporary urban disease, the incidence of hypertension is proportional to the age, and with distribution, personal eating habits, living environment more than have a direct relationship and individual weight. So people on the prevention and control of high blood pressure, can develop healthy eating habits, strengthen sports, not smoking, not drinking habits, etc. Even if people have been aware of the dangers of hypertension, high blood pressure patients is rising year by year, however, effective and convenient measure blood pressure, for people to understand the status of the human bod y in time, even more than for early prevention and treatment. Traditional mercury sphygmomanometer need coordination with the stethoscope measurement, by a professional medical personnel determine that the systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure. The whole measuring process is more plex, and error affected by human factors is difficult to guarantee. The emergence of portable blood pressure monitor for nonprofessional staff also can measure blood pressure, a portable electronic device, simple operation, don39。t have to go to hospital for blood pressure testing, now at home can be a daily blood pressure measurement and monitoring. Very good have played an important role for prevention of high blood pressure, also can make timely treatment hypertension. This design mainly USES AT89C51 microcontroller as the core, with piezoresistive pressure sensor measured the blood pressure value, through d/a converter is converted into digital signals, after dealing with the single chip microputer, display on the LCD screen. The design of the electronic blood pressure monitor with a small size, low power consumption, small error, the advantages of easy operation, overe the mercury sphygmomanometer need professional knowledge, shortings and so on is not easy to carry. And overe a great error in the general electronic blood pressure monitor, no memory, not data parison and so on shortings, use rise more human, more simple, suitable for all kinds of people. Keywords: blood pressure。 single chip microputer 目錄 第一章 緒論 ..................................................................................................................... 1 課題背景 ................................................................................................................ 1 血壓介紹 ................................................................................................................ 1 血壓的測(cè)量方法 ..................................................................................................... 3 血壓計(jì)發(fā)展概況 .................................................................................................... 4 第二章 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................................................................................................... 7 設(shè)計(jì)總體要求 ........................................................................................................ 7 設(shè)計(jì)方案提出 ........................................................................................................ 7 設(shè)計(jì)方案論證 ......................................................................................................... 9