【正文】 vior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by geics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes. 4， the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans。 it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by geics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees municated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a “dance” that bees do to indicate the distance and direction o f a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not municate learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to some evidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex, that is 大量管理資料下載 cted Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, 大量管理資料下載 Text 1 New figures from France,Germany and Italy— the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone — suggest the continent’s economic woes may have been France, evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising %and % had generally expected the July figure to show a % slippage,with August the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to % %. With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown. Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europe’s largest economy — a key reason for the European Central Bank’s reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on information backed economists’ expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly target of 2%.The drop is partly due to last year’s spike in oil prices dropping out The icing on the cake was news that Italy’s job market has remained country’s July unemployment rate dropped to % from % the month befor e,its lowest the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the country’s biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2， 500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targets meant growth will be about % this year,well short of the government’s % target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about %,nearly twice the % Italy’s government has promised its European Union partners. ree European countries show the prediction of forecasters is exactly right er spending continues to rise 大量管理資料下載 actually expected to fall in Germany leads to the drop of inflation word. he attacks on US targets lead to the paratively lower growth Text 2 Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～ 8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World y 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About after September 11。 Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses(., consulting and law) to serve clients. Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors。they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought. There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary a period when science has made revolutionary strides,artists in their studios have not and sculptors,though admittedly influenced by modern science,have also has not always been a symbol of the contrary:it has been used to examine more fully,to perate more deeply,to analyze more thoroughly,to enlarge,isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to addition,it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so anized as not merely to reflect our world,but in fact to interpret it. to the