【正文】 功能庫 以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當(dāng)前研究的核心。 加工中心的分類 （ 1）按主軸加工時(shí)的空間位置分類有：臥式和立式加工中心。臥式加工中心一般具有3— 5 個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)坐標(biāo)軸，常見的是三個(gè)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)坐標(biāo)軸和一個(gè)回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)坐標(biāo)軸（回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)），它能在工件一次裝夾完成除安裝面和頂面以外的其余 4 個(gè)面的加工，最適合加工箱體類工件。 立式加工中心，立式加工中心主軸的軸線為垂直設(shè)置，其結(jié)構(gòu)多為固定立柱式，工作臺(tái)為十字滑臺(tái)，適合加工盤類零件，一般具有 3 個(gè)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)坐標(biāo)軸，并可在工作臺(tái)上安置一個(gè)水平軸的數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)（第 4 軸）來加工螺旋類零件。 大型龍門式加工中心，主軸多為垂直設(shè)置，尤其使用于大型或形狀復(fù)雜的工件，像航空、航天工業(yè)及大型汽輪機(jī)上的某些零件的加工都需要用這類多坐標(biāo)龍門式加工中心。 （ 2）按工藝用途分類有： 鏜銑加工中心，分為立式樘銑加工中心、臥式樘銑加工中心和龍門樘銑加工中心。 復(fù)合加工中心，主要指五面復(fù)合加工，主軸頭可自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)，進(jìn)行立，臥加工，在主軸自動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)后，在水平和垂直方向?qū)崿F(xiàn)知道變換。 當(dāng)今數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展趨勢： 目前，世界先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)不斷興起，超高速切削、超精密加工等技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，柔性制造系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展和計(jì)算機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)的不斷成熟，對(duì)數(shù)控加工技術(shù)提出了更高的要求。 （ 1） .高速度、高精度化速度和精度是數(shù)控機(jī)床的兩個(gè)重要指標(biāo)，它直接關(guān)系到加工效率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。同時(shí)，采用超大規(guī)模的集成電路和多微處理器結(jié)構(gòu)，以提高系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力，即提高插補(bǔ)運(yùn)算的速度和精度。采用前饋控制技術(shù)，使追蹤滯后誤差大大減小，從而改善拐角切削的加工精度。目前，陶瓷刀具和金 剛石涂層刀具已開始得到應(yīng)用。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)由于采用了多 CPU 結(jié)構(gòu)和分級(jí)中斷控制方式，即可在一臺(tái)機(jī)床上同時(shí)進(jìn)行零件加工和程序編制，實(shí)現(xiàn)所謂的“前臺(tái)加工，后臺(tái)編輯”。 （ 3） .智能化現(xiàn)代數(shù)控機(jī)床將引進(jìn)自適應(yīng)控制技術(shù)，根據(jù)切削條件的變化，自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)工作參數(shù)，使加工過程中能保持最佳工作狀態(tài)，從而得到較高的加工精度和較小的表面粗糙度，同時(shí)也能提高刀具的使用壽命和設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)效率。一旦出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，立即采用停機(jī)等措施，并進(jìn)行故障報(bào)警，提示發(fā)生故障的部位、原因等。為實(shí)現(xiàn)更 高的故障診斷要求，其發(fā)展趨勢是采用人工智能專家診斷系統(tǒng)。它是利用 CAD 繪制的零件加工圖樣，再經(jīng)計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)的刀具軌跡數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算和后置處理，從而自動(dòng)生成 NC 零件加工程序，以實(shí)現(xiàn) CAD 與 CAM 的集成。 （ 5） .可靠性最大化數(shù)控機(jī)床的可靠性一直是用戶最關(guān)心的主要指標(biāo)。通過硬件功能軟件化，以適應(yīng)各種控制功能的要求，同時(shí)采用硬件結(jié)構(gòu)機(jī)床本體的模塊化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和通用化及系列化，使得既提高硬件生產(chǎn)批量，又便于組織生產(chǎn)和質(zhì)量把關(guān)。利用報(bào)警提示，及時(shí)排除故障；利用容錯(cuò)技術(shù)，5 對(duì)重要部件采用“冗 余”設(shè)計(jì)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)故障自恢復(fù)；利用各種測試、監(jiān)控技術(shù)，當(dāng)生產(chǎn)超程、刀損、干擾、斷電等各種意外時(shí)，自動(dòng)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的保護(hù)。目前主要采用超大規(guī)模集成元件、多層印刷電路板，采用三維安裝方法，使電子元器件得以高密度安裝，較大規(guī)?？s小系統(tǒng)的占有空間。這樣可以方便地將它安裝在機(jī)床設(shè)備上，更便于對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床的操作使用。s knowledge plays is more outstanding , and the machine tool industry is regarded as the foundation of the manufacturing industry of the machine, its key position and strategic meaning are more obvious. Within 19911994 years, the economic recession of the world, expensive FMS, CIMS lowers the temperature, among 19952021 years, the international economy increases at a low speed, according to requisition for NC lathe and the world four major international lathes exhibition in order to boost productivity of users of various fields of present world market (EMO , IMTS , JIMTOF , China CIMT of Japan of . of Europe), have the analysis of the exhibit, there are the following several points mainly in the technical research of NC lathe in our times: （ 1）、 Pay more attention to new technology and innovation Worldwide , are launching the new craft , new material , new structure , new unit , research and development of the new ponent in a more costeffective manner, developmental research of for instance new cutter material , the new electric main shaft of main shaft structure , high speed , highspeed straight line electrical machinery ,etc.. Regard innovating in improvement of the processing technology as the foundation, for process ultra and hard difficult to cut material and special posite and plicated part , irregular curved surface ,etc. research and develop new lathe variety constantly. （ 2）、 Improve the precision and research of machine tooling 7 In order to improve the machining accuracy of the machining center , are improving rigidity of the lathe , reduction vibration constantly, dispel hotly and out of shape, reduce the noise , improve the precision of localization of NC lathe , repeat precision , working dependability , stability , precision keeping, world a lot of country carry on lathe hot error , lathe sport and load out of shape software of error pensate technical research, take precision pensate , software pensate measure improve , some may make this kind of error dispel 60% already. And is developing retrofit constantly, nanometer is being processed. （ 3）、 Improve the research of the machine tooling productivity World NC lathe, machining center and corresponding some development of main shaft , electrical machinery of straight line , measuring system , NC system of high speed, under the prerequisite of boosting productivity. （ 4）、 What a lot of countries have already begun to the numerical control system melt intelligently, openly, study workedly A、 elligent research of the numerical control system Mainly showing in the following aspects: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, the selfadaptation to the processing course is controlled, the craft parameter produces research automatically。 There are such research of the respect as intelligent automatic programming , intelligent manmachine interface , intelligence diagnosing , intelligent monitoring ,etc.. B、 The numerical control system melts and studies open Mainly showing in the following aspects: The development of the numerical control system is on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and support finally, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control target ), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical knowhow is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical 8 control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, norm , disposing the norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing instrument ,etc. are the core of present research to pass through. C、 Meeting the manufacture system of the production line , demand for the information integration of the manufacturing pany workedly greatly of numerical control equipment, it is a basic unit of realizing the new manufacture mode too. Classification of the machining center （ 1） Process according to main shaft space position when it classifies to be as follows, horizontal and vertical machining center. Horizontal machining center, refer to the machining center that the axis level of the main shaft is set up . Horizontal machining center for 35 sport coordinate axis, a mon one three rectilinear