【正文】 .......................................................................... 2 1. 概論 ................................................................................................................................... 3 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................................... 3 電動(dòng)自行車介紹及發(fā)展前景 ........................................................................................ 4 本設(shè)計(jì)的主要工作 ...................................................................................................... 6 2. 無(wú)刷電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)分析 ....................................................................................................... 6 三相無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)星形連接全橋驅(qū)動(dòng)原理 ................................................................... 6 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的 PWM調(diào)速原理 ........................................................................................ 9 3. 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)控制器硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 9 硬件組成 ...................................................................................................................10 三相全橋逆變電路和驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 ....................................................................................10 速度控制電路 ............................................................................................................14 其他 ..........................................................................................................................14 4. 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................... 15 概述 ..........................................................................................................................15 主程序 .......................................................................................................................16 中斷 ..........................................................................................................................20 AD轉(zhuǎn)換 ......................................................................................................................21 PWM(脈沖寬度調(diào)制 ) ...................................................................................................23 位置信號(hào)和驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系 ................................................................................23 數(shù)字 PI速度調(diào)節(jié) .......................................................................................................24 5. 系統(tǒng)調(diào)制與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................ 27 系統(tǒng)硬件調(diào)試 ............................................................................................................27 系統(tǒng)軟件調(diào)試 ............................................................................................................28 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論與建議 .........................................................................................................29 結(jié)論 ...................................................................................................................................... 30 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................................... 31 致謝 ...................................................................................................................................... 32 第 1 頁(yè) 共 32 頁(yè) 單片機(jī)控制的無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 本課題 是講述 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)集電機(jī)、逆變電路、檢測(cè)元件、控制軟件和硬件于一體，具有高可靠、高效率、壽命長(zhǎng)、調(diào)速方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在電動(dòng)調(diào)速領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。電動(dòng)自行車的發(fā)明和使用對(duì)解決燃油車造成的嚴(yán)重環(huán)境污染和緩解日益突出的能源危機(jī)問(wèn)題有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。在軟件方面利用匯編語(yǔ)言，采用模塊化編程和結(jié)構(gòu)化編程。利用數(shù)字 PI控制理論實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)速度的閉環(huán)調(diào)制。本文還對(duì)影響控制器和單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)可靠性的因素進(jìn)行了分析，并且給出了解決方案 .本文所設(shè)計(jì)的無(wú)刷電機(jī)控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)了電動(dòng)、定速、助力三種工作模式并且在系統(tǒng)出錯(cuò)情況下具有自檢功能。 關(guān)鍵詞 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī) ,PIC 單片機(jī) ,電動(dòng)自行車 ,控制系統(tǒng) 第 2 頁(yè) 共 32 頁(yè) The Design of The Brushless DC Motor Control System Abstract This thesis is part of the project named the controller of the Brushless DC Motor for electricbike. The control system consists of Brushless DC Motor, controlling part, sensor part, hardware and software controlling part. With its unique advantages of high efficiency, high reliability, good control ability and maintenancefree, it is widely used in many fields. To developth electricbike will be helpful to solve the pollution problem caused by the waste gas from the gasolineautomobiles and energy sources problems. The task is to design a Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) control system for electricbike. According to the project, PIC16F72M CU produced by Microchip Company has been selected. The design of hardware including power circuit, hardware protection circuit, electronic mutate circuit have been carried out. The software was designed following the principle of modularization and structured programming and using assembly as the programme languages. Typical PI controls theory is used to control the speed. Less voltage protection, current excessive protection and wrong angle protection are designed to reinforce the system. Also, factors that affect the reliability of the system are discussed in this paper, and some methods are introduced soon after. This cont roller realizes three work modeselectromotion, stationary speed and assisting work mode. Another selftest mode, which works under error, is also designed. This kind of brushless DC motor control system is superior in many fields such as high reliability, simple hardware structure, low cost, and convenient for the further development. Key Words Electric bike, Brushless DC Motor, PIC, Control System 第 3 頁(yè) 共 32 頁(yè) 1. 概論 無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀 有刷直流電動(dòng)機(jī)作為最早的電動(dòng)機(jī)廣泛應(yīng)用于工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，由于其寬闊而平滑的優(yōu)良調(diào)速性能，在需要調(diào)速的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域占有重要地位，但機(jī)械換向裝置的 存在，限制了其發(fā)展和應(yīng)用范圍?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，帶來(lái)了半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)的飛躍，開(kāi)關(guān)型晶體管的研制成功為創(chuàng)造新型的無(wú)刷直流電動(dòng)機(jī)帶來(lái)生機(jī)。 80年代初，無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)進(jìn)入了實(shí)用階段，方波和正弦波無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)先后研究成功?，F(xiàn)今，無(wú)刷直 流電機(jī)集電機(jī)、變速機(jī)構(gòu)、檢測(cè)元件、控制軟件和硬件于一體，形成為新一代的電動(dòng)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。如電動(dòng)自行車、電動(dòng)汽車、電梯、抽油煙機(jī)、豆?jié){機(jī)、小型清污機(jī)、數(shù)控機(jī)床、機(jī)