【正文】 on characteristics of signals in this frequency range limit the potential coverage area of a single cell site。t require carriers to purchase costly extra an open system IP wireless environment would probably further reduces costs for service providers by ushering in an era of real equipment interoperability. H. Scalability Scalability, or the ability to handle increasing numbers of users and diversity of services, is more challenging with mobile works.Design for Scalability, includes information that can help you meet changing usage demands .Because an all IP core layer of 4G is easily scalable, it is ideally suited to meet this challenge. AND COMPARISON OF BROADBAND WIRELESS 1) First Generation (1G): 1G wireless mobile munication systems, was introduced in the early wireless was analog and supported the first generation of analog cell phones. They include a signaling protocol known as SS7 (Signaling System 7). 2) Second Generation (2G): 2G systems, fielded in the late 1980s, were intended primarily for voice transmission and was all about digital PCS. 3) Third Generation (3G): 3G in wireless will be a deliberate migration to faster, datacentric wireless works. The immediate goal is to raise transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2M bit/sec. 4) Fourth Generation (4G): In reality, as of first half of 2021, 4G is a conceptual framework for or a discussion point to address future needs of a universal high speed wireless work that will interface with wire line backbone work seamlessly. IV. THE 4G NETWORK THAT THE CELLHEADS DREAM ABOUT 4G can be imagined of as an integrated wireless system that enables seamless roaming between user can be operating in cellular technology work and get handed over to a satellitebased work and back to a fixed wireless work, depending upon the work coverage and preference of charging. A. The Goals Open Mobile Alliance’s (OMA) main goal is to make sure different wireless services and devices work together, and across countries, operators, and mobile plans in the group39。 it is a ing together of services and need all work that utilizes IP in its fullest form with converged voice and data capability,which the 4G will achieve. G. Cost 4G systems will prove far cheaper than 3G, since they can be built atop existing works and won39。 附 錄 一、英文原文： Goals Of True Broad band’s Wireless Next Wave (4G5G) ,Eng. Albert Butare .Kigali Institute of Science Technology and Management (KIST), Kigali, Rwanda. Abstract As access technology increases, voice, video,multimedia, and broadband data services are being integrated into the same work. Fourth Generation (4G) is the next generation of wireless works that will replace third Generation (3G) works sometimes in future. 4G is intended to provide high speed, high capacity, low cost per bit, IP based is all about an integrated, global work that’s based on an open system approach. The goal of 4G is to “replace the current proliferation of core cellular works with a single worldwide cellular core work standard based on IP for control, video, packet data and VoIP. But while 3G haven’t quite arrived, researchers want to contribute their ideas to the development of an asyet undefined wireless world that could bee operational by around 2021. This paper deals with the fundamentals and issues of works, technologies, spectrum, standards,terminals, services of 4G and about the visions that the work operators and service providers see for the evolution of 4G mobile systems and where is future research from their perspective necessary? Keywords： Wireless, 4G, WOFDM, MCCDMA, LASCDMA,UWB. I. INTRODUCTION While carriers and handset manufacturers obviously have their hands full with 3G, some panies are already looking beyond this next generation of wireless technology and works. 4G is simply an initiative by academic Ramp。D labs to move beyond the limitations and problems of 3G which is having trouble getting deployed and meeting its promised performance and throughput .While this 3G has not pletely reached researchers and vendors are expressing growing interest in 4G why? Two main areas are addressed in these initiatives: An increase of capacity in the radio link and seamless mobility across heterogeneous access works. Section 2 discusses about the issues of 3G that has created interest towards 4G developments. Section 3 about evolution and parison,Section 4 describes about the goals and the vision, section 5 explains about some of the technologies for 4G, and in other following sections the applications, the research and other issues for 4G developments are discussed. II. WHY THE LEAP TOWARDS 4G? 3G works are in a very painful phase of their development, with early trials yielding disappointing results, costs ballooning, technical glitches, and work operators being forced to deflate expectations based on unrealistic hype. Despite the hype surrounding the higherspeed 3G mobile works now under construction, the reasons for