【正文】 predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won39。 Opossum (負(fù)鼠) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomitedon dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quicklyand the vomit can hurt the aggressor39。 While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭氣) too. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。根據(jù)第四段中的“The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要敘述了隨著越來(lái)越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，參與者就可能越不會(huì)犧牲機(jī)器人。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question:‘ Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives?’可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，參與者可能必須決定何時(shí)犧牲機(jī)器人。故選B。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。Robot Saved, People Take the HitD.Robots, A Must for FutureB.Certain moral status should be attached to robots.D.Humanized robots offer less help to people.B.what robots should be like（3）What can be inferred from Paulus39。where to experience risksC.How to find more applications.（2）In the study the participants probably have to decide ________. A.How to treat them in life.C. This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot, says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could e into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.（1）What has bee a concern about robots? A. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives? The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假設(shè)的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized (人性化的) to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine. Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding application as household helps and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them bees ever more urgent.【英語(yǔ)】高三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)各地方試卷集合匯編及解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversitaet (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles. The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (無(wú)名的) humans.How to humanize them.B.How to use them effectively.D.when to sacrifice a robotB.which robot to work withD. words? A.Humanizing robots too much may be improper.C.Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A.Humanized Robots, A New TrendC.Humanized Robots, Replace Human【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，隨著越來(lái)越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，它們承擔(dān)越來(lái)越多樣化的專業(yè)和日常任務(wù)，人們?nèi)绾慰创麄儯绾螌?duì)待他們的問(wèn)題變的迫在眉睫。根據(jù)第一段中的“As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them bees ever more urgent.”可知，隨著越來(lái)越多的機(jī)器裝備了最新的人工智能，承擔(dān)著越來(lái)越多的專業(yè)和日常任務(wù)，人們?nèi)绾慰创鼈円约叭绾螌?duì)待它們的問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越緊迫。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。故選A。根據(jù)最后一段中的‘This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot,’ says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could e into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.可知，Paulus認(rèn)為讓機(jī)器人人性化的嘗試不應(yīng)該走得太遠(yuǎn)，可以推斷出，Paulus認(rèn)為過(guò)多地人性化機(jī)器人可能是不合適的。 （4）考查主旨大意。因此標(biāo)題“機(jī)器人被拯救，人類就會(huì)承受打擊”最切題，故選C。2．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Vulture (禿鴛)s eyes and face. In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to bee dead, they don39。t move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed. Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it39。 Millipedes (千足蟲(chóng)) Sea Hare (海兔)s not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smellrelated defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly panions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.t know how appealing it is.（1）The sea hare defends itself from predators by ________. A.giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC.giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE accord