【正文】 He39。She returned 。t handed in his paper?（強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）Why did you get up so early?（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。I have just been to went there last ，是上個月去的。二、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。I have lived here for a week by ，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。(5)在提問現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時通常用 how longHow long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間時，根據(jù)終止時間的不同，時態(tài)使用是不一樣的。I have lived here since my 。t left here since ，我一直沒有離開過這兒。（3）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。（2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調(diào)一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：They have been to Beijing 。We have studied English for three （開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。His father has been dead for two 。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。如：I haven39。？我 沒有?！艾F(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember ，但記不起在哪里見過。如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？I have never been to the Great 。 和never。They haven39。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。（1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。（3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）I haven39。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。Have you had lunch yet?Yes, I 39。We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過去的動作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last 、練習(xí)題 ____me a new coat _______ it fits me made?have ?have made??tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “?? learned? learned?did _____up into the , he ____ high up there! got? climbed? ??is you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ?copy??copied??copied? ?copy?had5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”?get??got??get?has ?got?has shouted __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ? ?seen?did?see?seen?have? ?see?did? ?see?have?seen ____ me waiting for two ____ for you since ? kept??have kept?have waited ______ John _______ ? To the _________ there for an ?been?has gone ?gone?has ?go??be?went the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ ?cried?has ?crying?stopped ?cry??crying?has stopped _______ the ________ here for quite many ?have ??have ?live you ever _____ America ? Yes, I ?gone ?gone ?been ?been in brother ____college for over three gone been been been at ________ the Army by the end of ______ in the army since ? joined?has joined? joined ?has been the time I _____ back they ____ up ten ?have ?had ?have e?sent ____ over five lessons by seven o’ he ____ a ??had gone? gone?had taken ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long found?had found??had ?was the news ____ him, he ____ to know about ?has got ?had ? reached?got _____ him a second letter before I ____ from ??had written? written?hear ____ that the soldiers _____ ?had ?has ??had stopped ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough ’t get?had ?had got?had ?hadn’t had _______ for five hours when they ______ in New ? flown?had ?had flown?arrived ____ that it _____ for two days by that ?has ?had ?had ?rained _____ there since the year before, so he _____ worked? worked?had ??had known _____ angry because he ____ for a long got?had ? got??had waited have seen the film “Titanic” __________ you __________ it？The day before ； ； ； ； seen Black __________ in China since five years going to live ____________ trees last far we __________ over 3，000 trees ； ； have planted； planted； have planted28.—I’m sorry, Cathy, I