【正文】 PASSAGE4 Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage: Americans don39。s idea of hard power is ______. accepted by Joseph Nye influential till nowadays on sound theories to that of modem leadership theorists of the following makes soft power more important today according to ? is widespread. is devalued. 長沙燕園教育 is no longer concentrated. hierarchies are strengthened his book the Powers to lead, has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____. 39。s National Intelligence Council,is best known for promoting the idea of soft power, based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to hard power, based on coercion(強(qiáng)迫 ) and force. Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved. In short, hard power is preferable to soft power. But modem leadership theorists have e to the opposite conclusion. The context of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is being outdated. In modem panies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等級(jí)制 ) are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Mr. Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a bination of hard and soft power, which he calls” smart power”, is the best approach. The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently, the “transformational leadership pattern”. Anone allergic(反感 ) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr, Nye has performed a valuable service in 長沙燕園教育 rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single,slim examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular are plty of anccdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate. Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even never quite nails the jelly to the is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie and he provides a helpful 12point summary of his recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required。 Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye39。s I Will Survive so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle, she writes. While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better. 46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer? A. Children. B. People in their 20s and 30s. C. Young adults. D. Elderly people. 47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______. A. Kris Carr is a female writer 長沙燕園教育 B. Kris Carr is more than 31yearold. C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center. D. Kris Carr is very optimistic. 48. The phrase cancer posse (Line 4, ) probably refers to ________ A. a cancer research anization B. a group of people who suffer from cancer C. people who have recovered from cancer D. people who cope with cancer 49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________ A. she is depressed and likes swearing B. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctor C. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctor D. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor 50. From Kris Carr39。t funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun (cancer road trips, 長沙燕園教育 she calls them). She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. I refused to let cancer ruin my party, she writes. There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live for. Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using timesaving mass s to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you39。s never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly